Book ChapterDOI
Advances and trends in the molecular systematics of anisakid nematodes, with implications for their evolutionary ecology and host-parasite co-evolutionary processes.
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TLDR
Examples in which anisakid nematodes recognized genetically at the species level in definitive and intermediate/paratenic hosts from various geographical areas of the Boreal and Austral regions and their infection levels have been used as biological indicators of fish stocks and food-web integrity in areas at high versus low levels of habitat disturbance are presented.Abstract:
The application of molecular systematics to the anisakid nematodes of the genera Anisakis, Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum, parasites of aquatic organisms, over the last two decades, has advanced the understanding of their systematics, taxonomy, ecology and phylogeny substantially Here the results of this effort on this group of species from the early genetic works to the current status of their revised taxonomy, ecology and evolutionary aspects are reviewed for each of three parasitic groups It has been shown that many anisakid morphospecies of Anisakis, Contracaecum and Pseudoterranova include a certain number of sibling species Molecular genetic markers provided a rapid, precise means to screen and identify several species that serve as definitive and intermediate and or/paratenic hosts of the so far genetically characterized species Patterns of differential distribution of anisakid nematodes in various definitive and intermediate hosts are presented Differences in the life history of related species can be due both to differential host-parasite co-adaptation and co-evolution, and/or to interspecific competition, that can reduce the range of potential hosts in sympatric conditions Phylogenetic hypotheses attempted for anisakid nematodes and the possible evolutionary scenarios that have been proposed inferred from molecular data, also with respect to the phylogeny of their hosts are presented for the parasite-host associations Anisakis-cetaceans and Contracaecum-pinnipeds, showing that codivergence and host-switching events could have accompanied the evolution of these groups of parasites Finally, examples in which anisakid nematodes recognized genetically at the species level in definitive and intermediate/paratenic hosts from various geographical areas of the Boreal and Austral regions and their infection levels have been used as biological indicators of fish stocks and food-web integrity in areas at high versus low levels of habitat disturbance (pollution, overfishing, by-catch) are presentedread more
Citations
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Praziquantel: mechanisms of action, resistance and new derivatives for schistosomiasis.
TL;DR: Use of PZQ will increase in the foreseeable future, whether given alone or coadministered with other anthelminthics in integrated control programmes, as well as inhibitors of a schistosome-specific bifunctional enzyme, thioredoxin-glutathione reductase.
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Integrating molecular and morphological approaches for characterizing parasite cryptic species: implications for parasitology.
TL;DR: Tests show that careful attention to the theory and operational practices involved in finding, delimiting, and describing new species is essential for fully characterizing parasite biodiversity and broader aspects of comparative biology such as systematics, evolution, ecology and biogeography.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anisakiasis and gastroallergic reactions associated with Anisakis pegreffii infection, Italy.
Simonetta Mattiucci,Paolo Fazii,Alba De Rosa,Michela Paoletti,Angelo Salomone Megna,Antonio Glielmo,Maurizio De Angelis,Antonella Costa,Costantino Meucci,Vito Calvaruso,Italo Sorrentini,Giuseppe Palma,Fabrizio Bruschi,Giuseppe Nascetti +13 more
TL;DR: Human cases of gastric anisakiasis caused by the zoonotic parasite Anisakis pegreffii are increasing in Italy.
Journal ArticleDOI
What We Don't Recognize Can Hurt Us: A Plea for Awareness About Cryptic Species
TL;DR: An extensive literature review on studies that have used DNA sequences to detect cryptic species of parasites during the last decade found a lack of methodological and theoretical uniformity in the discipline for finding and delimiting cryptic species and recommended that parasitologists describe (and formally name) cryptic species following standard taxonomic practice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic and morphological approaches distinguish the three sibling species of the Anisakis simplex species complex, with a species designation as Anisakis berlandi n. sp. for A. simplex sp. C (Nematoda: Anisakidae).
Simonetta Mattiucci,Paolo Cipriani,Stephen C. Webb,Michela Paoletti,Federica Marcer,Bruno Bellisario,David I. Gibson,Giuseppe Nascetti +7 more
TL;DR: The morphological and morphometric analyses revealed the presence of morphological features that differed among the 3 biological species, and the tree topologies support the finding that A. simplex (s.s.), A. pegreffii, and A. berlandi n.
References
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