Advances in innovative exosome-technology for real time monitoring of viable drugs in clinical translation, prognosis and treatment response

TLDR: The advent of advanced exosomes purification methods has made it possible to tap on the unexplored potential of these tiny particles in clinically-precise diagnosis and treatment of a myriad of diseases, and the recent COVID19 pandemic has opened up new opportunities for exosome technology to benefit humankind.

Abstract: In the field of medicine, technological discovery is a vital way to bridge knowledge gaps and equip us with the know-how to address biological challenges. Innovative technologies allow us to work faster and better understand complexities, especially pertaining to human health and disease [1–3]. Computer simulation and artificial intelligence play a significant role in the timely diagnosis and effective treatment of complex ailments such as cancer [2–5]. The inquisition towards developing and acquiring new technologies is quintessential in the journey towards improving the quality of patient care. The advent of advanced exosome purification methods has made it possible to tap on the unexplored potential of these tiny particles in clinically-precise diagnosis and treatment of a myriad of diseases [6–8]. More efforts are currently being funneled into research and development endeavors in order to increase the quality and reach of exosomes-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the near future. Exosomes are small nano-particles made by cells within our body [8–10]. They contain crucial information by way of proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids, facilitating cell-cell communication cells [8–10]. Structurally, exosomes are surrounded by lipid bilayers, which provides a robust layer of protection to the biological contents stored within [10]. The abundance of adhesive and surface proteins found on the surface of exosomes readily interact with the cellular membrane of target cells, allowing exosomes to essentially be vehicles to deliver cargo such as drugs [10–12]. The innovative use of exosomes as drug delivery systems for small molecules, cytokines, and other biological components makes them an ideal choice for clinical use [13]. In addition, the recent COVID19 pandemic has opened up new opportunities for exosome technology to benefit humankind. In the realm of vaccine development, Editorial