Advances in thermal energy storage materials and their applications towards zero energy buildings: A critical review
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References
4,482 citations
"Advances in thermal energy storage ..." refers background in this paper
...Thus, they show a higher potential for applicability in buildings [65] albeit with some disadvantages such as their low thermal reliability for long-operation periods [29], phase segregation, subcooling and corrosiveness [6,58,63,66]....
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...Fatty acids, esters and alcohols are usually highly flammable and have low thermal conductivity with diverse levels of toxicity [29], which limits their application in buildings....
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...Regarding the use of metals in the range of temperatures of interest, poor availability and very high cost limit their application in buildings despite having a high thermal conductivity [6] and volumetric fusion heat due to their high density [29]....
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1,569 citations
"Advances in thermal energy storage ..." refers background in this paper
...Paraffins, salt hydrates and eutectic mixtures are the main PCMs for building applications [57,60]:...
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...Most common drawbacks of PCMs are linked to their high cost, low thermal conductivity, relative large volume change, flammability, supercooling, corrosiveness, and thermal reliability and stability after undergoing a great number of thermal cycles [57]....
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...Small volume change, availability, low cost and non-toxicity are also relevant material properties in practice [57]....
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1,455 citations
"Advances in thermal energy storage ..." refers background in this paper
...Thus, it may be suppressed by introducing a nucleating agent or a “cold finger” in the material [56]....
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...10 and congruent melting (melting and solidification in a narrow temperature range without subcooling/supercooling) should be guaranteed to assure applicability and long life-time [14,56,59,61]....
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1,156 citations
755 citations
"Advances in thermal energy storage ..." refers background in this paper
...Thus, they show a higher potential for applicability in buildings [65] albeit with some disadvantages such as their low thermal reliability for long-operation periods [29], phase segregation, subcooling and corrosiveness [6,58,63,66]....
[...]