Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in middle childhood.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that children as young as 9 begin to show behavioral problems after exposure to early childhood adversities, and exposure to ACEs is strongly associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors and likelihood of ADHD diagnosis in middle childhood.
About: This article is published in Child Abuse & Neglect.The article was published on 2017-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 318 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Early childhood & Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.
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TL;DR: The results suggest that, over time, black youth have experienced an increase in suicide attempts, which is troubling because attempts are the most prominent risk factor associated with suicide death.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if racial and ethnic subgroups of adolescents are at high risk for engagement in suicidal behaviors. METHODS: Using the nationally representative school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey from the years 1991 to 2017, we conducted logistic regression analyses to examine trends by different racial and ethnic groups, with each suicide indicator serving as a dichotomous outcome. Participants included 198 540 high school students. RESULTS: Across all sex and race and ethnic groups, there were significant linear decreases in self-reported suicidal ideation and suicide plans from 1991 to 2017. Female adolescents (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; P CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that, over time, black youth have experienced an increase in suicide attempts, which is troubling because attempts are the most prominent risk factor associated with suicide death. For black boys, a significant increase in injury by attempt occurred, which suggests that black boys may be engaging in increasingly lethal means when attempting suicide. Examining trends of suicidal thoughts and behaviors over time by sex and race and ethnicity allow us to determine where to focus prevention and intervention efforts. Future research should examine the underlying reasons for these changes observed in US high school students.
217 citations
TL;DR: This study is among the first to analyze patterns of association between ACEs and adult health disaggregated by age and finds young adults with high ACE scores are at increased risk of early-onset chronic disease.
139 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: There was a significant prevalence of endorsed ACE categories in this urban population and exposure to 4 or greater ACE categories was associated with increased risk for learning/behavior problems, as well as obesity.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to investigate the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in youth in a low-income, urban community.
STUDY DESIGN
Data from a retrospective chart review of 701 subjects from the Bayview Child Health Center in San Francisco are presented. Medical chart documentation of ACEs as defined in previous studies were coded and each ACE criterion endorsed by a traumatic event received a score of 1 (range=0-9). This study reports on the prevalence of various ACE categories in this population, as well as the association between ACE score and two pediatric problems: learning/behavior problems and body mass index (BMI)≥85% (i.e., overweight or obese).
RESULTS
The majority of subjects (67.2%, N=471) had experienced 1 or more categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACE≥1) and 12.0% (N=84) had experienced 4 or more ACEs (ACE≥4). Increased ACE scores correlated with increased risk of learning/behavior problems and obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a significant prevalence of endorsed ACE categories in this urban population. Exposure to 4 or greater ACE categories was associated with increased risk for learning/behavior problems, as well as obesity.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Results from this study demonstrate the need both for screening of ACEs among youth in urban areas and for developing effective primary prevention and intervention models.
88 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary findings support the application of an emotion regulation perspective to interventions for adults with high ACEs and provides support for further studies utilizing comparison groups.
86 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that ACEs may be uniquely associated with delinquency for boys and substance use for girls, suggesting that ACE may operate through different pathways for boys or girls.
80 citations
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TL;DR: For example, this article found a strong relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
12,712 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that childhood family environments represent vital links for understanding mental and physical health across the life span.
Abstract: Risky families are characterized by conflict and aggression and by relationships that are cold, unsupportive, and neglectful. These family characteristics create vulnerabilities and/or interact with genetically based vulnerabilities in offspring that produce disruptions in psychosocial functioning (specifically emotion processing and social competence), disruptions in stress-responsive biological regulatory systems, including sympathetic-adrenomedullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical functioning, and poor health behaviors, especially substance abuse. This integrated biobehavioral profile leads to consequent accumulating risk for mental health disorders, major chronic diseases, and early mortality. We conclude that childhood family environments represent vital links for understanding mental and physical health across the life span.
2,698 citations
TL;DR: The CIDI is a comprehensive and fully standardized diagnostic interview designed for assessing mental disorders according to the definitions of the Diagnostic Criteria for Research of ICD-10 and DSM-III-R and was found to be appropriate for use in different kinds of settings and countries.
2,284 citations
TL;DR: A parent-to-child version of the Conflict Tactics Scales, the CTSPC is better suited to measuring child maltreatment than the original CTS and is practical for epidemiological research on child malt treatment and for clinical screening.
2,093 citations