Advice to policy-makers for improving services to the drug-death bereaved:
28 Sep 2021-Nordic studies on alcohol and drugs (SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England)-Vol. 38, Iss: 6, pp 615-630
TL;DR: Many of the services sought by the bereaved are already in place and described in national guidelines for follow-up strategies after sudden unexpected deaths, however, DRDs have not been included as a task for the services and are not explicitly mentioned in these guidelines.
Abstract: Aims:The objective of this study is to contribute to an improvement of bereavement services and experiences for the bereaved after drug-related deaths (DRDs) by investigating their expressed opinio...
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the factor structure, internal reliability, and validity of the Sudden Bereavement Needs Inventory (SBNI) in a sample of sudden loss survivors (i.e., fatal overdose, suicide, and sudden natural loss; N = 403).
Abstract: Bereavement has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including mortality, particularly among those who experience the sudden loss of a close other. With rising rates of sudden death in the United States, fueled by an alarming increase in fatal overdose deaths, identifying bereavement-related needs among the sudden-death bereaved is essential. The present study investigated the factor structure, internal reliability, and validity of the Sudden Bereavement Needs Inventory (SBNI) in a sample of sudden loss survivors (i.e., fatal overdose, suicide, and sudden-natural loss; N = 403). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a six-factor structure, with items reflecting pragmatic, informational, spiritual, relational, meaning, and emotional needs. SBNI factors showed adequate internal consistency, with significant associations between SBNI scores, loss characteristics, and mental health outcomes (e.g., prolonged grief symptoms, meaning-making, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms, and anxiety), supporting the scale’s validity and highlighting the potential applicability of the instrument in both research and clinical contexts. Future research should examine test–retest reliability of the SBNI, particularly through the lens of understanding whether and how bereavement needs change over time.
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References
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TL;DR: Thematic analysis is a poorly demarcated, rarely acknowledged, yet widely used qualitative analytic method within psychology as mentioned in this paper, and it offers an accessible and theoretically flexible approach to analysing qualitative data.
Abstract: Thematic analysis is a poorly demarcated, rarely acknowledged, yet widely used qualitative analytic method within psychology. In this paper, we argue that it offers an accessible and theoretically flexible approach to analysing qualitative data. We outline what thematic analysis is, locating it in relation to other qualitative analytic methods that search for themes or patterns, and in relation to different epistemological and ontological positions. We then provide clear guidelines to those wanting to start thematic analysis, or conduct it in a more deliberate and rigorous way, and consider potential pitfalls in conducting thematic analysis. Finally, we outline the disadvantages and advantages of thematic analysis. We conclude by advocating thematic analysis as a useful and flexible method for qualitative research in and beyond psychology.
103,789 citations
"Advice to policy-makers for improvi..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Braun and Clarke (2006) described a six-phase process for thematic analysis: (1) familiarisation...
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...Thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was used for identifying and analysing logical content patterns (themes) in the material....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between information control and personal identity, including the Discredited and the Discreditable Social Information Visibility Personal Identity Biography Biographical Others Passing Techniques of Information Control Covering.
Abstract: CONTENTS 1. Stigma and Social Identity Preliminary Conceptions The Own and the Wise Moral Career 2. Information Control and Personal Identity The Discredited and the Discreditable Social Information Visibility Personal Identity Biography Biographical Others Passing Techniques of Information Control Covering 3. Group Alignment and Ego Identity Ambivalence Professional Presentations In-Group Alignments Out-Group Alignments The Politics of Identity 4. The Self and Its Other Deviations and Norms The Normal Deviant Stigma and Reality 5. Deviations and Deviance
17,631 citations
TL;DR: The authors provides an overview of recent developments in historical institutionalism and assesses the progress in understanding institutional formation and change, drawing on insights from recent historical institutional work on icritical juncturesi and on ipolicy feedbacks.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of recent developments in historical institutionalism. First, it reviews some distinctions that are commonly drawn between the ihistoricali and the irational choicei variants of institutionalism and shows that there are more points of tangency than typically assumed. However, differences remain in how scholars in the two traditions approach empirical problems. The contrast of rational choiceis emphasis on institutions as coordination mechanisms that generate or sustain equilibria versus historical institutionalismis emphasis on how institutions emerge from and are embedded in concrete temporal processes serves as the foundation for the second half of the essay, which assesses our progress in understanding institutional formation and change. Drawing on insights from recent historical institutional work on icritical juncturesi and on ipolicy feedbacks,i the article proposes a way of thinking about institutional evolution and path dependency that provides an alternative to equilibrium and other approaches that separate the analysis of institutional stability from that of institutional change.
4,425 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the size of a sample with sufficient information power depends on (a) the aim of the study, (b) sample specificity, (c) use of established theory, (d) quality of dialogue, and (e) analysis strategy.
Abstract: Sample sizes must be ascertained in qualitative studies like in quantitative studies but not by the same means. The prevailing concept for sample size in qualitative studies is "saturation." Saturation is closely tied to a specific methodology, and the term is inconsistently applied. We propose the concept "information power" to guide adequate sample size for qualitative studies. Information power indicates that the more information the sample holds, relevant for the actual study, the lower amount of participants is needed. We suggest that the size of a sample with sufficient information power depends on (a) the aim of the study, (b) sample specificity, (c) use of established theory, (d) quality of dialogue, and (e) analysis strategy. We present a model where these elements of information and their relevant dimensions are related to information power. Application of this model in the planning and during data collection of a qualitative study is discussed.
3,885 citations
"Advice to policy-makers for improvi..." refers background in this paper
...Thus, in line with Malterud’s concept of information power of qualitative data (Malterud et al., 2016), the data are considered to yield credible information....
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05 Dec 2014
TL;DR: The EMCDDA Programme 2, 'Analysis of responses', set out to identify how social reintegration is understood in each Member State and to map the availability of social reIntegration facilities in Member States according to these national perceptions.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION The issue of social rehabilitation and reintegration (hereafter social reintegration2) is mentioned under the third strategy target of the EU Action Plan 2000–2004. The third EU strategy target is to 'substantially increase the number of successfully treated addicts', and point 3.1.3.4 instructs that 'Member States [are] to ensure that adequate attention is paid to social and professional rehabilitation and reintegration of former addicts'. However, social reintegration is also linked to social exclusion, which is mentioned in chapter 2 of the EU Action Plan, where it is stated that 'the EMCDDA [is] to develop indicators on drug-related crime, the availability of illicit drugs (including at street level) and drug-related social exclusion'. For the EMCDDA, social reintegration comes under strategy target four – that is, as a response to social exclusion – however, target two is clearly also relevant. Social exclusion is often perceived as a cause of problem drug use, although many see it as a consequence of problem drug use. We will not elaborate on this further here, except to note that social exclusion and problem drug use are two phenomena that are very closely interlinked and that social reintegration is a possible response to both. The EMCDDA Programme 2, 'Analysis of responses', set out to identify how social reintegration is understood in each Member State and to map the availability of social reintegration facilities in Member States according to these national perceptions. It became evident at an early stage that this would be a complex task, involving extensive data collection, as national reports generally provided insufficient data on this specific subject. eight countries turned out to be difficult to map and so, in February 2002, the EMCDDA launched a call for tender for a project, 'Mapping social reintegration services in EU countries'. 3 The aim of this project was to describe the state of the art of social reintegration in the following eight countries: The research specifications, to investigate 'the state of the art of social reintegration', suggested that the following should be identified for each of the eight countries: 1 Other contributors will be mentioned in the respective chapters. 2 Our country studies so far have shown that the term 'rehabilitation' is used ambiguously across Europe – from low-threshold refuges, to normal treatment, to actual reintegration into society. For this reason, we shall use the term 'social reintegration' in this report, as this is used much more …
2,183 citations