Aerobic scope measurements of fishes in an era of climate change: respirometry, relevance and recommendations
Citations
1,917 citations
Cites background from "Aerobic scope measurements of fishe..."
...For example, specific physiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to underlie the thermal ranges of ectothermic organisms (94), yet a lack of universality in the proposedmechanisms highlights a need for novel, multidisciplinary investigations (95)....
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499 citations
Cites background from "Aerobic scope measurements of fishe..."
...In addition, recent work in a variety of species of fishes has indicated that, at least in some species, aerobic scope can still be high at temperatures at which growth and reproduction are compromised, suggesting that thermal limitations on aerobic capacity cannot be the direct cause of fitness limitations in these species (Healy and Schulte, 2012; Clark et al., 2013a; Gräns et al., 2014; Norin et al., 2014)....
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...As a result of these divergent observations, there is currently a very lively debate in the literature with respect to the relevance of the OCLTT for predicting the responses of species to climate change (Clark et al., 2013a,b; Pörtner and Giomi, 2013; Farrell, 2013)....
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...…can still be high at temperatures at which growth and reproduction are compromised, suggesting that thermal limitations on aerobic capacity cannot be the direct cause of fitness limitations in these species (Healy and Schulte, 2012; Clark et al., 2013a; Gräns et al., 2014; Norin et al., 2014)....
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...In fact, different conceptions of what is meant by the term aerobic scope may underlie some of the debate about the concept (Clark et al., 2013a,b; Pörtner and Giomi, 2013; Farrell, 2013)....
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398 citations
Cites background from "Aerobic scope measurements of fishe..."
...Similarly, some gregarious species such as Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802) may become hyperactive, stressed and even die when tested alone (Hettler, 1976) such that testing in groups is necessary....
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...Minimally, fishes are typically placed in respirometers for 10–48 h before starting to measure ṀO2 to minimize handling stress (Clausen, 1936; Fry & Hart, 1948; Clark et al., 2013)....
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...When considering adaptability or susceptibility to a slow temperature change, such as global warming, aerobic scope needs © 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2016, 88, 81–121 to be measured in thermally acclimated fishes (Clark et al., 2013)....
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...…water’, or water that previously contained fishes (Winberg, 1960) or water from the tank where the fish was previously held (Fry, 1971), but it has never been shown that these measures lower ṀO2 when respirometer design is appropriate and fishes are properly acclimated to experimental conditions....
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359 citations
284 citations
Cites background or methods from "Aerobic scope measurements of fishe..."
...Having said that, it is fundamental that metabolic measurements are performed accurately and with proven reproducibility, such that the understanding of the topic is not confounded by experimental artefacts (Clark et al., 2013a)....
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...…and the thermal dependence of aerobic scope (Pörtner & Knust, 2007; Pörtner & Farrell, 2008; Clark et al., 2013a, b; Jutfelt et al., 2014) and the perceived simplicity of measuring aerobic metabolism using respirometry (Steffensen, 1989; Clark et al., 2013a; Nelson, 2016; Svendsen et al., 2016)....
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...This design was later modified by Steffensen [see design in Clark et al. (2013a); Roche et al. (2014); www.loligosystems.com] to consist of an oval (racetrack) shaped plexiglass chamber with a partitioning in the centre that allowed a water flow over the swimming fish on one side created by a…...
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...E X H AU S T I V E C H A S E P ROT O C O L An exhaustive chase protocol, where the experimenter manually chases the fish to exhaustion, is the next most common method for eliciting MMR in fishes (Soofiani & Priede, 1985; Reidy et al., 1995; Clark et al., 2013a; Roche et al., 2013)....
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...…owing largely to the proposed link between fitness and the thermal dependence of aerobic scope (Pörtner & Knust, 2007; Pörtner & Farrell, 2008; Clark et al., 2013a, b; Jutfelt et al., 2014) and the perceived simplicity of measuring aerobic metabolism using respirometry (Steffensen, 1989;…...
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References
6,017 citations
"Aerobic scope measurements of fishe..." refers background in this paper
...2771 Introduction Measurements of aerobic metabolic rate (≈oxygen consumption rate, MO2) are becoming increasingly popular to address questions relating to animal ecology owing to hypotheses like the metabolic theory of ecology (Brown et al., 2004; Whitfield, 2004; Price et al., 2012)....
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2,520 citations
2,055 citations
"Aerobic scope measurements of fishe..." refers background or result in this paper
...This idea has guided the interpretations of many researchers (e.g. Pörtner and Knust, 2007; Pörtner and Farrell, 2008; Nilsson et al., 2009; Gardiner et al., 2010; Donelson et al., 2011; Neuheimer et al., 2011; Miller et al., 2012; Comte and Grenouillet, 2013), as it promises an elegant,…...
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...Hypothetical curves depicting changes in aerobic performance (aerobic scope) of fishes with temperature, where A is redrawn from Pörtner and Farrell (Pörtner and Farrell, 2008) and B is an alternative explanation of how aerobic performance responds to temperature and interacts with animal performance [based on Clark et al. (Clark et al., 2011)]....
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...The OCLTT hypothesis states that at a species’ upper pejus temperature (where the aerobic scope starts to drop), the performance decreases because of reduced aerobic scope, which in turn leads to reduced tissue oxygen levels (tissue hypoxia) (Pörtner and Farrell, 2008)....
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...Clark, T. D., Jeffries, K. M., Hinch, S. G. and Farrell, A. P. (2011)....
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...…of temperatures and subsequently determine the temperature at which aerobic scope is maximal (ToptAS), as it has been proposed that processes such as growth and reproductive output are maximised at this temperature (Brett, 1971; Pörtner and Knust, 2007; Pörtner and Farrell, 2008; Pörtner, 2010)....
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1,952 citations
"Aerobic scope measurements of fishe..." refers background in this paper
...…respirometers are usually rounded-rectangular in shape and contain a propeller (or impeller) that circulates water in one direction, while the fish is restricted to one of the long compartments called the ‘working section’, where a laminar flow profile is desired (Fig.3A) (Brett, 1964; Fry, 1971)....
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1,798 citations
"Aerobic scope measurements of fishe..." refers background or result in this paper
...…of temperatures and subsequently determine the temperature at which aerobic scope is maximal (ToptAS), as it has been proposed that processes such as growth and reproductive output are maximised at this temperature (Brett, 1971; Pörtner and Knust, 2007; Pörtner and Farrell, 2008; Pörtner, 2010)....
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...While processes such as growth and reproductive output are suggested, as a unifying principle, to be directly determined by the available aerobic scope (Pörtner and Knust, 2007; Pörtner and Farrell, 2008), studies linking such fundamental processes with aerobic scope under chronic thermal exposures remain scarce....
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...In particular, measurements of MO2 are proliferating in the context of fish biology and climate change, largely because of renewed interest and further developments in the hypothesis relating aerobic scope (the difference between minimum and maximum MO2; MO2,min and MO2,max, respectively) to whole-animal performance and fitness (Fry, 1947; Brett, 1971; Claireaux and Lefrançois, 2007; Pörtner and Knust, 2007; Farrell et al., 2008; Pörtner et al., 2008; Pörtner and Farrell, 2008; Munday et al., 2009; Nilsson et al., 2009; Pörtner, 2010; Pörtner and Peck, 2010; Clark et al., 2011; Eliason et al., 2011; Donelson et al., 2012; Munday et al., 2012; Pörtner, 2012)....
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...…and maximum MO2; MO2,min and MO2,max, respectively) to whole-animal performance and fitness (Fry, 1947; Brett, 1971; Claireaux and Lefrançois, 2007; Pörtner and Knust, 2007; Farrell et al., 2008; Pörtner et al., 2008; Pörtner and Farrell, 2008; Munday et al., 2009; Nilsson et al., 2009; Pörtner,…...
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...This idea has guided the interpretations of many researchers (e.g. Pörtner and Knust, 2007; Pörtner and Farrell, 2008; Nilsson et al., 2009; Gardiner et al., 2010; Donelson et al., 2011; Neuheimer et al., 2011; Miller et al., 2012; Comte and Grenouillet, 2013), as it promises an elegant,…...
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