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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Cancer

Judith Campisi
- 11 Feb 2013 - 
- Vol. 75, Iss: 1, pp 685-705
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TLDR
The idea that, despite seemingly opposite characteristics, the degenerative and hyperplastic pathologies of aging are at least partly linked by a common biological phenomenon: a cellular stress response known as cellular senescence is discussed.
Abstract
For most species, aging promotes a host of degenerative pathologies that are characterized by debilitating losses of tissue or cellular function. However, especially among vertebrates, aging also promotes hyperplastic pathologies, the most deadly of which is cancer. In contrast to the loss of function that characterizes degenerating cells and tissues, malignant (cancerous) cells must acquire new (albeit aberrant) functions that allow them to develop into a lethal tumor. This review discusses the idea that, despite seemingly opposite characteristics, the degenerative and hyperplastic pathologies of aging are at least partly linked by a common biological phenomenon: a cellular stress response known as cellular senescence. The senescence response is widely recognized as a potent tumor suppressive mechanism. However, recent evidence strengthens the idea that it also drives both degenerative and hyperplastic pathologies, most likely by promoting chronic inflammation. Thus, the senescence response may be the result of antagonistically pleiotropic gene action.

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Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Lorenzo Galluzzi, +186 more
TL;DR: The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives.
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Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotypes Reveal Cell-Nonautonomous Functions of Oncogenic RAS and the p53 Tumor Suppressor

TL;DR: Coppe et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that human cells induced to senesce by genotoxic stress secrete myriad factors associated with inflammation and malignancy, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8.
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Naturally occurring p16 Ink4a -positive cells shorten healthy lifespan

TL;DR: It is shown that compared to vehicle alone, AP20187 treatment extended median lifespan in both male and female mice of two distinct genetic backgrounds and the clearance of p16Ink4a-positive cells delayed tumorigenesis and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without apparent side effects.
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Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology.

TL;DR: In cancer and during active tissue repair, pro-senescent therapies contribute to minimize the damage by limiting proliferation and fibrosis, respectively, and antisenescent therapies may help to eliminate accumulated senescent cells and to recover tissue function.
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The role of senescent cells in ageing

TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the multi-step progression of senescence and the development and function of acute versus chronic senescent cells may lead to new therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies and extend healthy lifespan.
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Journal ArticleDOI

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