Q2. What future works have the authors mentioned in the paper "Agricultural intensification increases deforestation fire activity in amazonia" ?
The authors present the fraction of MODIS fire detections associated with forest conversion, quantifying the disproportionate contribution of high-frequency burning for conversion of forest to mechanized cropland in satellite-based fire detections.
Q3. How many years of high frequency fire usage did the areas cleared for pasture have?
Most areas cleared for pasture had 0–1 years of high-frequency fire usage, although a small portion (14%) had frequent fire detections over 2–3 years typical of mechanized forest clearing.
Q4. Why did few areas deforested for cropland in 2004 have no high-confidence?
Because of more frequent fire usage in preparation for mechanized agriculture, few areas deforested for cropland in 2004 had no high-confidence fire detections during 2004 (12%).
Q5. What are the main factors that contributed to the increase in fire activity in the Brazilian Amazonia?
In addition to deforestation-linked fires, slow-moving forest fires and contagion of other accidental burning events may also have contributed to the higher fraction of repeated fire activity in these regions.
Q6. What was the contribution of fire activity in the Brazilian Amazonia during 2003–2007?
fires on 2 or more days during the same dry season accounted for 36–47% of the annual fire activity in Brazilian Amazonia during 2003–2007, with greater contributions from repeated fires in years with highest fire activity.
Q7. What are the characteristics of low frequency fire detections in amazonia?
Low-frequency fire detections are typical of fires in Cerrado woodland savannas and for agricultural maintenance, because grass and crop residues are fully consumed by a single fire.
Q8. What is the way to characterize the duration of fires?
Combining daytime and night-time observations from multiple sensors may better characterize the duration of individual fires to allow more direct interpretation of satellite data for trace gas emissions.
Q9. What is the way to characterize trace gas emissions in Amazonia?
If emissions ratios do change during the course of the deforestation process as a function of the size or moisture content of woody fuels, the frequency of satellite-based fire detections provides one method to characterize time-varying trace gas emissions for Amazonia.
Q10. What is the way to remove stumps and woody roots from forest?
Mechanized equipment can remove stumps and woody roots inpreparation for cropland (Morton et al., 2006) such that both above and belowground forest biomass are burned.
Q11. What is the effect of the carryover of fire activity from forest clearing into subsequent years?
The carryover of fire activity from forest clearing into subsequent years is a cumulative process, such that total high-frequency fire activity in any year represents burning for multiple years of forest loss (Fig. 5).
Q12. What is the effect of high-frequency fire activity on the deforestation process?
High-frequency fire activity may last for several years following initial forest clearing, further increasing the expected combustion completeness of the deforestation process (Fig. 4).
Q13. What is the average combustion completeness of the deforestation process?
Findings in this studyr 2008 The Authors Journal compilation r 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Global Change Biology, 14, 2262–2275suggest that average combustion completeness for recent deforestation may be two to four times greater than that estimated for deforestation during 1989–1998 (Houghton et al., 2000), increasing per-area gross fire emissions for the current decade by a similar magnitude in regions where mechanized deforestation is common.
Q14. What is the relationship between fire frequency and deforestation in amazonia?
The trend toward more intensive land management in Amazonia is clearly linked with an increase in the frequency of fire usage for deforestation.
Q15. Why is it not possible to determine the exact timing of fires for the conversion process?
Because of issues of both omission and commission of fires by the MODIS sensors, it is not possible to determine the exact timing or frequency of all fires for the conversion process.