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Journal ArticleDOI

Aircraft noise effects on sleep: a systematic comparison of EEG awakenings and automatically detected cardiac activations.

28 Aug 2008-Physiological Measurement (IOP Publishing)-Vol. 29, Iss: 9, pp 1089-1103
TL;DR: An algorithm for the automatic identification of cardiac activations associated with cortical arousals, which uses heart rate information derived from a single electrocardiogram (ECG) channel, may be used as estimates for EEG awakenings.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Polysomnography is the gold standard for investigating noise effects on sleep, but data collection and analysis are sumptuous and expensive. We recently developed an automatic algorithm for the identification of cardiac activations associated with cortical arousals, which uses heart rate information derived from a single electrocardiogram (ECG) channel (Basner et al. 2007a). We hypothesized that cardiac arousals can be used as estimates for EEG awakenings. METHODS: Polysomnographic EEG awakenings and automatically detected cardiac activations were systematically compared using laboratory data of 112 subjects (47 male, mean ± SD age 37.9 ± 13 years), 985 nights and 23,855 aircraft noise events (ANEs). RESULTS: The overall agreement was higher in control (81.9 %) compared to noise nights (76.4 %). However, if corrected for chance expected agreement according to Landis and Koch (1977), agreement was higher in noise (к=0.60) compared to control nights (к=0.33), representing “moderate to substantial” and “fair” agreement respectively. The probability of automatically detected cardiac arousals increased monotonously with increasing maximum sound pressure levels of ANEs, exceeding the probability of EEG awakenings by up to 18.1 %. If spontaneous reactions were taken into account, exposure-response curves were practically identical for EEG awakenings and cardiac arousals. CONCLUSIONS: Automatically detected cardiac arousals can be used as estimates for EEG awakenings. This inexpensive, objective, and non-invasive method facilitates large scale field studies on the effects of traffic noise on sleep. More investigations are needed to further validate the ECG algorithm in the field and to investigate interindividual differences in its ability to predict EEG awakenings.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2013-BMJ Open
TL;DR: Freight trains provoke HR accelerations during sleep, and the vibration characteristics of the trains are of special importance, in the long term, this may affect cardiovascular functioning of persons living close to railways.
Abstract: Objectives Transportation of goods on railways is increasing and the majority of the increased numbers of freight trains run during the night. Transportation noise has adverse effects on sleep structure, affects the heart rate (HR) during sleep and may be linked to cardiovascular disease. Freight trains also generate vibration and little is known regarding the impact of vibration on human sleep. A laboratory study was conducted to examine how a realistic nocturnal railway traffic scenario influences HR during sleep. Design Case–control. Setting Healthy participants. Participants 24 healthy volunteers (11 men, 13 women, 19–28 years) spent six consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. Interventions All participants slept during one habituation night, one control and four experimental nights in which train noise and vibration were reproduced. In the experimental nights, 20 or 36 trains with low-vibration or high-vibration characteristics were presented. Primary and secondary outcome measures Polysomnographical data and ECG were recorded. Results The train exposure led to a significant change of HR within 1 min of exposure onset (p=0.002), characterised by an initial and a delayed increase of HR. The high-vibration condition provoked an average increase of at least 3 bpm per train in 79% of the participants. Cardiac responses were in general higher in the high-vibration condition than in the low-vibration condition (p=0.006). No significant effect of noise sensitivity and gender was revealed, although there was a tendency for men to exhibit stronger HR acceleration than women. Conclusions Freight trains provoke HR accelerations during sleep, and the vibration characteristics of the trains are of special importance. In the long term, this may affect cardiovascular functioning of persons living close to railways.

80 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paramount epidemiological problem inhibiting valid conclusions about the associations between sleep and cancer is the probable misclassification of the exposures to facets of sleep over time.
Abstract: Sleep and its impact on physiology and pathophysiology are researched at an accelerating pace and from many different angles. Experiments provide evidence for chronobiologically plausible links between chronodisruption and sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD), on the one hand, and the development of cancer, on the other. Epidemiological evidence from cancer incidence among some 1 500 000 study individuals in 13 countries regarding associations with sleep duration, napping or "poor sleep" is variable and inconclusive. Combined adjusted relative risks (meta-RRs) for female breast cancer, based on heterogeneous data, were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97-1.06). Meta-RRs for cancers of the colorectum and of the lung in women and men and for prostate cancer were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03-1.13), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00-1.22) and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.83-1.33), respectively. The significantly increased meta-RRs for colorectal cancer, based on homogeneous data, warrant targeted study. However, the paramount epidemiological problem inhibiting valid conclusions about the associations between sleep and cancer is the probable misclassification of the exposures to facets of sleep over time. Regarding the inevitable conclusion that more research is needed to answer How are sleep and cancer linked in humans? we offer eight sets of recommendations for future studies which must take note of the complexity of multidirectional relationships.

61 citations


Cites background from "Aircraft noise effects on sleep: a ..."

  • ...…destabilizes physiology and promotes a range of somatic responses (Wulff et al., 2010), including drowsiness, micro-sleeps and unintended sleep (Basner et al., 2008a, 2008b; Philip & Akerstedt, 2006; Pilcher et al., 2000; Scott et al., 2007), bodily sensations of pain and cold (Kundermann et…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Across studies, there is an association between nSES and child sleep duration and this study adds child sleep to the growing number of child health disparities associated with nS ES.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that night-time aircraft noise can trigger acute cardiovascular mortality, similar to that previously observed for long-term aircraft noise exposure.
Abstract: AIMS It is unclear whether night-time noise events, including from aeroplanes, could trigger a cardiovascular death. In this study, we investigate the potential acute effects of aircraft noise on mortality and the specific role of different night-time exposure windows by means of a case-crossover study design. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected 24 886 cases of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the Swiss National Cohort around Zurich Airport between 2000 and 2015. For night-time deaths, exposure levels 2 h preceding death were significantly associated with mortality for all causes of CVD [OR = 1.44 (1.03-2.04) for the highest exposure group (LAeq > 50 dB vs. <20 dB)]. Most consistent associations were observed for ischaemic heart diseases, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Association were more pronounced for females (P = 0.02) and for people living in areas with low road and railway background noise (P = 0.01) and in buildings constructed before 1970 (P = 0.36). We calculated a population attributable fraction of 3% in our study population. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that night-time aircraft noise can trigger acute cardiovascular mortality. The association was similar to that previously observed for long-term aircraft noise exposure.

31 citations


Cites background from "Aircraft noise effects on sleep: a ..."

  • ...Experimental studies have shown acute responses to environmental noise on different physiological responses, such as endothelial dysfunction,(14) hypertension,(15,16) and sleep quality.(17,18) In the present study, we aim to investigate if and how night-time aircraft noise can trigger mortality for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that during the initial period experienced by residents living near railway tracks, nocturnal railway noise could induce a sensitization process on the autonomic response to noise reflecting a startle/defense reflex due to its functional significance, which progressively turns to habituation in the long-term if no adverse effect is experienced.

30 citations


Cites background from "Aircraft noise effects on sleep: a ..."

  • ...In the same way, Griefahn et al. (2008) and Basner et al. (2008) recently showed that subjects spending four consecutive nights during three consecutive weeks in laboratory conditions submitted to nocturnal transportation noises (air, road, rail from 45 to 77 dBA), showed no cardiac habituation....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A general statistical methodology for the analysis of multivariate categorical data arising from observer reliability studies is presented and tests for interobserver bias are presented in terms of first-order marginal homogeneity and measures of interob server agreement are developed as generalized kappa-type statistics.
Abstract: This paper presents a general statistical methodology for the analysis of multivariate categorical data arising from observer reliability studies. The procedure essentially involves the construction of functions of the observed proportions which are directed at the extent to which the observers agree among themselves and the construction of test statistics for hypotheses involving these functions. Tests for interobserver bias are presented in terms of first-order marginal homogeneity and measures of interobserver agreement are developed as generalized kappa-type statistics. These procedures are illustrated with a clinical diagnosis example from the epidemiological literature.

64,109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Jacob Cohen1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a procedure for having two or more judges independently categorize a sample of units and determine the degree, significance, and significance of the units. But they do not discuss the extent to which these judgments are reproducible, i.e., reliable.
Abstract: CONSIDER Table 1. It represents in its formal characteristics a situation which arises in the clinical-social-personality areas of psychology, where it frequently occurs that the only useful level of measurement obtainable is nominal scaling (Stevens, 1951, pp. 2526), i.e. placement in a set of k unordered categories. Because the categorizing of the units is a consequence of some complex judgment process performed by a &dquo;two-legged meter&dquo; (Stevens, 1958), it becomes important to determine the extent to which these judgments are reproducible, i.e., reliable. The procedure which suggests itself is that of having two (or more) judges independently categorize a sample of units and determine the degree, significance, and

34,965 citations


"Aircraft noise effects on sleep: a ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The inter-scorer agreement was 88.1% on average (mean total Cohen’s (Cohen 1960) κ = 0.812)....

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01 Jan 2007

7,150 citations


"Aircraft noise effects on sleep: a ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The latter are defined as activations of the central nervous system lasting for 3 s or longer (Bonnet et al 1992, Iber et al 2007), and they are therefore more frequent and less specific than EEG awakenings....

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  • ...According to specific conventions (Iber et al 2007, Rechtschaffen et al 1968), the night is divided into 30 s epochs....

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  • ...Shorter activations in the EEG and EMG, so-called arousals, can be detected with the polysomnogram (Bonnet et al 2007, Iber et al 2007)....

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Trending Questions (2)
Why is the c-filter not used to desribe aircraft noise induced awakenings?

The c-filter is not used to describe aircraft noise-induced awakenings because automatically detected cardiac activations can effectively estimate EEG awakenings, providing a non-invasive and cost-effective alternative.

How to activate sleep mode in noise Colorfit 2?

This inexpensive, objective and non-invasive method facilitates large-scale field studies on the effects of traffic noise on sleep.