AKT mediated glycolytic shift regulates autophagy in classically activated macrophages.
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...Accordingly, M1 macrophages that have active glycolysis exhibit reduced autophagy (97)....
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Cites background from "AKT mediated glycolytic shift regul..."
...In contrast, activation of mTOR, which is elicited by Akt, has been revealed to block autophagy (Matta and Kumar, 2015; Pattingre et al., 2008)....
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55 citations
Cites background from "AKT mediated glycolytic shift regul..."
...Akt has been implicated in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (75)....
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References
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"AKT mediated glycolytic shift regul..." refers background in this paper
...…ce pt ed M an us cr ip t 21 suggesting mitochondrial release of ROS that requires an active electron transport 466 through mitochondrial complex I. 467 Interestingly, depolarized mitochondria or damaged mitochondria are known to 468 activate inflammatory pathways in macrophages (Zhou et al., 2011)....
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...467 Interestingly, depolarized mitochondria or damaged mitochondria are known to 468 activate inflammatory pathways in macrophages (Zhou et al., 2011)....
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3,674 citations
"AKT mediated glycolytic shift regul..." refers background in this paper
...Macrophages 66 activated with both IFN-γ and LPS show synergistic phenotype and are defined as 67 classically activated macrophages or M1 macrophages (Martinez and Gordon, 2014)....
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3,340 citations
"AKT mediated glycolytic shift regul..." refers background in this paper
...7 cells 334 A decrease in MOMP or depolarization of mitochondria is known to activate the 335 inflammatory pathways that could eventually lead to cell death (Kroemer et al., 2007)....
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...IFNγ+LPS induced activation leads to cell death in Raw 264.7 cells 334 A decrease in MOMP or depolarization of mitochondria is known to activate the 335 inflammatory pathways that could eventually lead to cell death (Kroemer et al., 2007)....
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1,903 citations
"AKT mediated glycolytic shift regul..." refers background or methods in this paper
...60 Stimulating macrophages with IFN-γ treatment primes them for enhanced innate 61 immune functions like higher phagocytosis, lysosomal acidification and oxidative 62 bursts (Mosser, 2003)....
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...83 Classical activation of macrophages by IFN-γ and LPS treatment results in increased 84 nitric oxide (NO) production, dramatically higher glycolytic rate and higher oxidative 85 potential (Totemeyer et al., 2006, Haschemi et al., 2012, Mosser, 2003)....
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...Activation induced Nitric oxide (NO) is required for autophagy inhibition 269 Classical activation is known to induce the expression of iNOS and thereby leads to 270 increased production of Nitric Oxide (Mosser, 2003)....
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...Nitric Oxide (NO) was measured using Nitrite Colorimetric Assay Kit 190 following the manufacturer‟s protocol (Cayman Chemical)....
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