Alcohol combustion chemistry
TL;DR: A detailed overview of recent results on alcohol combustion can be found in this paper, with a particular emphasis on butanols and other linear and branched members of the alcohol family, from methanol to hexanols.
About: This article is published in Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.The article was published on 2014-10-01. It has received 676 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Alcohol fuel & Combustion.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the use of methanol as a pure fuel or a blend component for internal combustion engines (ICEs) is discussed, highlighting the differences with fuels such as ethanol and gasoline.
468 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a review of potential alternative fuels for automotive engine application for both spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines is presented, which includes applications of alternative fuels in advanced combustion research applications.
Abstract: This review paper covers potential alternative fuels for automotive engine application for both spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. It also includes applications of alternative fuels in advanced combustion research applications. The representative alternative fuels for SI engines include compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen (H 2 ) liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and alcohol fuels (methanol and ethanol); while for CI engines, they include biodiesel, di-methyl ether (DME), and jet propellent-8 (JP-8). Naphtha is introduced as an alternative fuel for advanced combustion in premixed charge compression ignition. The production, storage, and the supply chain of each alternative fuel are briefly summarized, and are followed by discussions on the main research motivations for such alternative fuels. Literature surveys are presented that investigate the relative advantages and disadvantages of these alternative fuels for application to engine combustion. The contents of engine combustion basically consist of the combustion process from spray development, air–fuel mixing characteristics, to the final combustion product formation process, which is analyzed for each alternative fuel. An overview is provided for alternative fuels together with summaries of engine combustion characteristics for each fuel, in addition to its current distribution status and future prospects.
343 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental combustion and emissions properties of advanced biofuels are reviewed, and their impact on engine performance is discussed, in order to guide the selection of optimal conversion routes for obtaining desired fuel combustion properties.
Abstract: The fundamental combustion and emissions properties of advanced biofuels are reviewed, and their impact on engine performance is discussed, in order to guide the selection of optimal conversion routes for obtaining desired fuel combustion properties. Advanced biofuels from second- and third-generation feedstocks can result in significantly reduced life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions, compared to traditional fossil fuels or first-generation biofuels from food-based feedstocks. These advanced biofuels include alcohols, biodiesel, or synthetic hydrocarbons obtained either from hydrotreatment of oxygenated biofuels or from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The engine performance and exhaust pollutant emissions of advanced biofuels are linked to their fundamental combustion properties, which can be modeled using combustion chemical-kinetic mechanisms and surrogate fuel blends. In general, first-generation or advanced biofuels perform well in existing combustion engines, either as blend additives with petro-fuels or as pure “drop-in” replacements. Generally, oxygenated biofuels produce lower intrinsic nitric-oxide and soot emissions than hydrocarbon fuels in fundamental experiments, but engine-test results can be complicated by multiple factors. In order to reduce engine emissions and improve fuel efficiency, several novel technologies, including engines and fuel cells, are being developed. The future fuel requirements for a selection of such novel power-generation technologies, along with their potential performance improvements over existing technologies, are discussed. The trend in the biofuels and transportation industries appears to be moving towards drop-in fuels that require little changes in vehicle or fueling infrastructure, but this comes at a cost of reduced life-cycle efficiencies for the overall alternative-fuel production and utilization system. In the future, fuel-flexible, high-efficiency, and ultra-low-emissions heat-engine and fuel-cell technologies promise to enable consumers to switch to the lowest-cost and cleanest fuel available in their market at any given time. This would also enable society as a whole to maximize its global level of transportation activity, while maintaining urban air quality, within an energy- and carbon-constrained world.
343 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a brief review of spherical flame propagation method, counterflow/stagnation burner method, heat-flux method, annular stepwise method, externally heated diverging channel method, and Bunsen method is presented.
309 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the available experimental and chemical kinetic studies which have been performed to better understand the combustion properties of gasoline fuels and their surrogates can be found in this paper, where a detailed analysis is presented for the various classes of compounds used in formulating gasoline surrogate fuels, including n-paraffins, isoparaffin, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics.
270 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for the chemistry of the Troposphere of the atmosphere and describe the properties of the Atmospheric Aqueous phase of single aerosol particles.
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11,157 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the production, characterization and current statuses of vegetable oil and biodiesel as well as the experimental research work carried out in various countries is presented.
2,891 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanisms and rate parameters for the gas-phase reactions of nitrogen compounds that are applicable to combustion-generated air pollution are discussed and illustrated by comparison of results from detailed kinetics calculations with experimental data.
2,843 citations
TL;DR: Transportation biofuels such as synfuel hydrocarbons or cellulosic ethanol, if produced from low-input biomass grown on agriculturally marginal land or from waste biomass, could provide much greater supplies and environmental benefits than food-basedBiofuels.
Abstract: Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and concerns about petroleum supplies have spurred the search for renewable transportation biofuels. To be a viable alternative, a biofuel should provide a net energy gain, have environmental benefits, be economically competitive, and be producible in large quantities without reducing food supplies. We use these criteria to evaluate, through life-cycle accounting, ethanol from corn grain and biodiesel from soybeans. Ethanol yields 25% more energy than the energy invested in its production, whereas biodiesel yields 93% more. Compared with ethanol, biodiesel releases just 1.0%, 8.3%, and 13% of the agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticide pollutants, respectively, per net energy gain. Relative to the fossil fuels they displace, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced 12% by the production and combustion of ethanol and 41% by biodiesel. Biodiesel also releases less air pollutants per net energy gain than ethanol. These advantages of biodiesel over ethanol come from lower agricultural inputs and more efficient conversion of feedstocks to fuel. Neither biofuel can replace much petroleum without impacting food supplies. Even dedicating all U.S. corn and soybean production to biofuels would meet only 12% of gasoline demand and 6% of diesel demand. Until recent increases in petroleum prices, high production costs made biofuels unprofitable without subsidies. Biodiesel provides sufficient environmental advantages to merit subsidy. Transportation biofuels such as synfuel hydrocarbons or cellulosic ethanol, if produced from low-input biomass grown on agriculturally marginal land or from waste biomass, could provide much greater supplies and environmental benefits than food-based biofuels.
2,841 citations