Alert for an epidemic of oral cancer due to use of the betel quid substitutes gutkha and pan masala: a review of agents and causative mechanisms
Citations
482 citations
Cites background from "Alert for an epidemic of oral cance..."
...The high incidence of oral cancer and oral pre-cancer has been linked with habits of tobacco chewing and smoking [78,79]....
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378 citations
Cites background from "Alert for an epidemic of oral cance..."
...Almost all smokeless tobacco products contain additives, such as ammonia, carbonate or bicarbonate, to raise the pH (Nair et al., 2004)....
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362 citations
345 citations
Cites background from "Alert for an epidemic of oral cance..."
...Reactive oxygen species generation in the oral cavity due to auto-oxidation of polyphenols contained in areca nut and enhanced by the alkaline pH from slaked lime has been reported.(52,53) In areas at very high prevalence of betel quid chewing without tobacco, 50% of cases among men and almost 90% among women are attributable to this behaviour....
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295 citations
Cites background from "Alert for an epidemic of oral cance..."
...Moreover, generation of reactive oxygen species, such as the hydroxyl radical (HO), in the oral cavity by auto-oxidation of polyphenols contained in areca nut (a process enhanced by the alkaline pH provided by the slaked lime) has been reported (51, 84)....
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References
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