Alginate: properties and biomedical applications
TL;DR: This review will provide a comprehensive overview of general properties of alginate and its hydrogels, their biomedical applications, and suggest new perspectives for future studies with these polymers.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 5372 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Self-healing hydrogels.
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TL;DR: An updated summary of recent advances in the field of nanomedicines and nano based drug delivery systems through comprehensive scrutiny of the discovery and application of nanomaterials in improving both the efficacy of novel and old drugs and selective diagnosis through disease marker molecules is presented.
Abstract: Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems are a relatively new but rapidly developing science where materials in the nanoscale range are employed to serve as means of diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic agents to specific targeted sites in a controlled manner Nanotechnology offers multiple benefits in treating chronic human diseases by site-specific, and target-oriented delivery of precise medicines Recently, there are a number of outstanding applications of the nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents etc) in the treatment of various diseases The current review, presents an updated summary of recent advances in the field of nanomedicines and nano based drug delivery systems through comprehensive scrutiny of the discovery and application of nanomaterials in improving both the efficacy of novel and old drugs (eg, natural products) and selective diagnosis through disease marker molecules The opportunities and challenges of nanomedicines in drug delivery from synthetic/natural sources to their clinical applications are also discussed In addition, we have included information regarding the trends and perspectives in nanomedicine area
3,112 citations
TL;DR: This Review discusses how different mechanisms interact and can be integrated to exert fine control in time and space over the drug presentation, and collects experimental release data from the literature and presents quantitative comparisons between different systems to provide guidelines for the rational design of hydrogel delivery systems.
Abstract: Hydrogel delivery systems can leverage therapeutically beneficial outcomes of drug delivery and have found clinical use. Hydrogels can provide spatial and temporal control over the release of various therapeutic agents, including small-molecule drugs, macromolecular drugs and cells. Owing to their tunable physical properties, controllable degradability and capability to protect labile drugs from degradation, hydrogels serve as a platform in which various physiochemical interactions with the encapsulated drugs control their release. In this Review, we cover multiscale mechanisms underlying the design of hydrogel drug delivery systems, focusing on physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel network and the hydrogel-drug interactions across the network, mesh, and molecular (or atomistic) scales. We discuss how different mechanisms interact and can be integrated to exert fine control in time and space over the drug presentation. We also collect experimental release data from the literature, review clinical translation to date of these systems, and present quantitative comparisons between different systems to provide guidelines for the rational design of hydrogel delivery systems.
2,457 citations
TL;DR: Progress towards controlled synthesis of alginate derivatives, and the properties and applications of these derivatives are reviewed.
1,182 citations
Cites background from "Alginate: properties and biomedical..."
...have recently described alginates as “blank slates” [6]....
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TL;DR: A bioink that combines the outstanding shear thinning properties of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with the fast cross-linking ability of alginate with the potential use of nanocellulose for 3D bioprinting of living tissues and organs is formulated.
1,169 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the past and current efforts with a brief description on the featured properties of hydrogel membranes fabricated from biopolymers and synthetic ones for wound dressing applications.
1,059 citations
Cites background from "Alginate: properties and biomedical..."
...4), where the ratio between them adjusts the elasticity of obtained crosslinked alginic gels [52]....
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References
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TL;DR: Encapsulated human islets were injected intraperitoneally in a diabetic patient with a functioning kidney graft and insulin independence with tight glycaemic control was demonstrated 9 months after the procedure, warranting a trial of a high dose of encapsulated islets in early-onset diabetic patients.
621 citations
"Alginate: properties and biomedical..." refers background in this paper
...Alginate has a track record of safe clinical uses as a wound healing dressing material and pharmaceutical component, and has been safely implanted in a variety of applications, including islet transplantation for treatment of type 1 diabetes [168] and chondrocyte transplantation for treatment of urinary incontinence and vesicoureteral reflux [169,170]....
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TL;DR: The use of these degradable alginate‐derived hydrogels greatly improved cartilage‐like tissue formation in vivo, as compared toAlginate hydrogel, which degraded with a rate depending on the pH and temperature of the solution.
Abstract: Alginate has been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications including drug delivery and cell transplantation. However, alginate itself has a very slow degradation rate, and its gels degrade in an uncontrollable manner, releasing high molecular weight strands that may have difficulty being cleared from the body. We hypothesized that the periodate oxidation of alginate, which cleaves the carbon-carbon bond of the cis-diol group in the uronate residue and alters the chain conformation, would result in promoting the hydrolysis of alginate in aqueous solutions. Alginate, oxidized to a low extent (approximately 5%), degraded with a rate depending on the pH and temperature of the solution. This polymer was still capable of being ionically cross-linked with calcium ions to form gels, which degraded within 9 days in PBS solution. Finally, the use of these degradable alginate-derived hydrogels greatly improved cartilage-like tissue formation in vivo, as compared to alginate hydrogels.
605 citations
TL;DR: Hydrogels formed using a combination of partial oxidation of polymer chains and a bimodal molecular weight distribution exhibit tunable degradation rates and provide a powerful material system for tissue engineering.
577 citations
"Alginate: properties and biomedical..." refers background in this paper
...Alginate gels are typically nanoporous (pore size ~ 5 nm) [62], leading to rapid diffusion of small molecules through the gel....
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TL;DR: Findings demonstrate that biomaterials may be designed to control bone development from transplanted cells, as well as demonstrate that adhesion ligands covalently coupled to hydrogel carriers would allow one to control pre-osteoblast cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.
Abstract: There is significant interest in the development of injectable carriers for cell transplantation to engineer bony tissues. In this study, we hypothesized that adhesion ligands covalently coupled to hydrogel carriers would allow one to control pre-osteoblast cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Modification of alginate with an RGDcontaining peptide promoted osteoblast adhesion and spreading, whereas minimal cell adhesion was observed on unmodified hydrogels. Raising the adhesion ligand density increased osteoblast proliferation, and a minimum ligand density (1.5-15 femtomoles/cm2) was needed to elicit this effect. MC3T3-E1 cells demonstrated increased osteoblast differentiation with the peptide-modified hydrogels, as confirmed by the up-regulation of bone-specific differentiation markers. Further, transplantation of primary rat calvarial osteoblasts revealed statistically significant increases of in vivo bone formation at 16 and 24 weeks with G4RGDY-modified alginate compared with unmodifie...
544 citations
"Alginate: properties and biomedical..." refers background in this paper
...Transplantation of primary rat calvarial osteoblasts into mice using RGD-alginate gels enhanced in vivo bone formation [34], as compared to control alginate gels....
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...Various peptides containing the DGEA (Asp–Gly–Glu–Ala) [34] and YIGSR (Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg) [35] sequences derived from other extracellular matrix proteins have also been exploited to modify alginate gels and enhance the adhesive interactions with various cell types....
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TL;DR: Artificial recombinant chimeric polypeptides (CPs) that spontaneously self-assemble into sub-100 nm size, near monodisperse nanoparticles upon conjugation of diverse hydrophobic molecules, including chemotherapeutics are developed.
Abstract: New strategies to self-assemble biocompatible materials into nanoscale, drug-loaded packages with improved therapeutic efficacy are needed for nanomedicine. To address this need, we developed artificial recombinant chimeric polypeptides (CPs) that spontaneously self-assemble into sub-100-nm-sized, near-monodisperse nanoparticles on conjugation of diverse hydrophobic molecules, including chemotherapeutics. These CPs consist of a biodegradable polypeptide that is attached to a short Cys-rich segment. Covalent modification of the Cys residues with a structurally diverse set of hydrophobic small molecules, including chemotherapeutics, leads to spontaneous formation of nanoparticles over a range of CP compositions and molecular weights. When used to deliver chemotherapeutics to a murine cancer model, CP nanoparticles have a fourfold higher maximum tolerated dose than free drug, and induce nearly complete tumour regression after a single dose. This simple strategy can promote co-assembly of drugs, imaging agents and targeting moieties into multifunctional nanomedicines.
531 citations
"Alginate: properties and biomedical..." refers background in this paper
...Various polypeptides and proteins with improved structural properties and novel functions have already been prepared by this approach and explored for biomedical applications [174, 175]....
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