scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Alkaline solubilization and ultrasound assisted extraction for Cr and Pb determination in leather by atomic absorption spectrometry

08 Jun 2017-Analytical Methods (The Royal Society of Chemistry)-Vol. 9, Iss: 22, pp 3284-3289
TL;DR: Alkaline solubilization with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and ultrasound-assisted extraction as sample preparation procedures were evaluated for the extraction and subsequent determination of Cr and Pb in leather samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).
Abstract: Alkaline solubilization with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and ultrasound-assisted extraction as sample preparation procedures were evaluated for the extraction and subsequent determination of Cr and Pb in leather samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In the alkaline solubilization with TMAH, 0.10 g of the sample was heated to 95 ± 5 °C for 30 minutes in the presence of 2.75 mol L−1 TMAH in methanol medium. The procedure provided complete solubilization of the sample, resulting in limits of detection of 4 μg g−1 for Cr and 9 μg g−1 for Pb; the obtained RSD values were lower than 9.7%. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was evaluated with aliquots of 0.15 g of the sample, using HNO3, aqua regia and HCl as extraction solutions. However, this procedure was effective only for Pb extraction, using HNO3 and aqua regia as extractants. The limits obtained for Pb detection of 4 μg g−1 and RSD values lower than 3.8% were adequate for the determination. The simplicity of the proposed procedures for sample preparation, the reduced amounts of reagents required, minimizing contamination risks, and the low cost of the required instrumentation make these procedures excellent alternatives for the preparation of leather samples for elementary analysis.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Qiaoqiao Wen1, Congjie Pan1, Xuezhen Qin1, Qiujuan Ma1, Su-Xiang Feng1 
TL;DR: In this paper, fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) with good water solubility were facilely synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method by using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as the silicon source and natural antioxidant quercetin as the reducing agent.
Abstract: Chromium (Cr(vi)), a highly toxic metal-oxyanion which is carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans, is a severe environmental pollutant. Developing simple methods for sensitive and selective detection of Cr(vi) is of great significance. In this work, fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) with good water solubility were facilely synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method by using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as the silicon source and natural antioxidant quercetin as the reducing agent. The obtained SiNPs displayed good thermostability, salt-tolerance and photo-stability. The as-prepared SiNPs exhibited bright blue emission at 437 nm under excitation at 362 nm, allowing them to be developed as a fluorescent probe for detection of Cr2O72-. Significantly, the fluorescence of the SiNPs could be remarkably quenched by Cr2O72-via the internal filtering effect (IFE). Based on this phenomenon, a novel fluorescence method for detection of Cr2O72- was established. A good linear relationship was obtained from 0.5 to 100 μM with a limit of detection (based on 3 s/k, LOD) of 180 nM. The proposed fluorescence method was successfully applied to the detection of Cr2O72- in tap water. Moreover, a fluorescent filter paper sensor was developed for the visual detection of Cr2O72-, providing a valuable platform for Cr2O72- sensing in a convenient way.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principles of green chemistry aiming environmental, health, safety, and economic targets are discussed in this article , where the use of less toxic, diluted reagents and miniaturized methods are green sample strategies.
Abstract: • The principles of Green Chemistry aiming environmental, health, safety, and economic targets. • Sustainable analytical methods have increasingly importance within green chemistry principles. • The green analytical chemistry includes developing new solvents for suitable elemental analysis. • The use of less toxic, diluted reagents and miniaturized methods are green sample strategies.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: WDXRF calibration models for Cr presented satisfactory figures of merit and the analysis of the leathers revealed an alarming concentration of total Cr in the samples reaching 21,353 mg kg−1.
Abstract: The tanning industry is one of the largest environmental polluters due to high generation waste in all production processes, but the tanning is particularly worrisome due to the use of significant amounts of chromium. Cr is an element potentially toxic to both health and the environment, depending on the concentration and the oxidation state. Cr(VI) can come in contact with human skin when using leather goods, which can cause allergies and dermatitis, besides being carcinogenic. Considering that approximately 90% of the world production of leather is performed with Cr salts, the determination of this element in leather is necessary to avoid exposure to the risks that the element can provide. The main goal of this study was the development of an alternative analytical method for the determination of Cr in leathers (ovine and bovine leather tanned with Cr and vegetable tannin) using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) for direct solid analysis. Besides performing analysis of the chemical composition and determination of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, Ti, and Zn in leather by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Principal component analysis (PCA) was also used in the evaluation of the WDXRF and ICP OES data sets. WDXRF calibration models for Cr presented satisfactory figures of merit and the analysis of the leathers revealed an alarming concentration of total Cr in the samples reaching 21,353 mg kg−1.

5 citations


Cites background from "Alkaline solubilization and ultraso..."

  • ...The analytes required two different operational conditions: 30 kV of voltage and 80 mA of current for Al, Ca, Mg, Na, S, and Si, and 50 kVand 55 mA for Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Ti....

    [...]

  • ...These values are extraordinarily high and worrying since exceeding the limits set of European Union that established maximum concentration of Cr(VI) (3 mg kg−1) (ISO 17075 2007; Van Beik et al. 2017)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Feb 2023-Sensors
TL;DR: In this article , the principal factor analysis was used to discriminate between four main groups of samples representing the tanning processes and the polymer or synthetic leather character, including synthetic and real leather.
Abstract: Genuine leather is produced from animal skin by chemical tanning using chemical or vegetable agents, while synthetic leather is a combination of fabric and polymer. The replacement of natural leather by synthetic leather is becoming more difficult to identify. In this work, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is evaluated to separate between very similar materials: leather, synthetic leather, and polymers. LIBS is now widely employed to provide a specific fingerprint from the different materials. Animal leathers processed with vegetable, chromium, or titanium tanning were analyzed together with polymers and synthetic leather from different origins. The spectra exhibited typical signatures from the tanning agents (Cr, Ti, Al) and the dyes and pigments, but also from polymer characteristic bands. The principal factor analysis allowed to discriminate between four main groups of samples representing the tanning processes and the polymer or synthetic leather character.
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, multivariate designs were used to optimize an alkaline dissolution, assisted by ultrasound energy, procedure of goat meat using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aiming to determine Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Zn by flame atomic absorption (FAAS) and emission (FAES) spectrometry.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review presents a complete picture of current knowledge on ultrasound-assisted extraction in food ingredients and products, nutraceutics, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and bioenergy applications, and applications from laboratory to industry, security, and environmental impacts.

1,657 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two broad categories of technical methods, the first group involves the introduction of processing technologies by decreasing the effluent pollution load, avoiding the use of harmful chemicals and producing solid wastes that can be used as by-products.

370 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a brief presentation of the theory of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) is given, and the main results in selected applications published in the period 2010-12 are summarized.
Abstract: In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has attracted growing interest, as it is an effective method for the rapid extraction of a number of compounds from food and environmental samples, with extraction efficiency comparable to that of classical techniques. In particular, recently, numerous analytical applications of this technique dealt with the extraction of natural compounds and pollutants from food and environmental samples. This review gives a brief presentation of the theory of UAE, discusses recent advances that influence its efficiency, and summarizes the main results in selected applications published in the period 2010–12. There is discussion of the advantages and the disadvantages of UAE and the possibility of coupling UAE with other analytical techniques.

280 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the main applications of ultrasound for pretreatment of solid samples and some liquid samples with a complex matrix (e.g., wastewater) in the context of green analytical chemistry are discussed.
Abstract: Sample preparation has witnessed transformation in recent years, with the main efforts focused on acceleration, simplification, miniaturization and automation of the operations involved. Ultrasound is a clean, efficient energy that has dramatically improved many sample-preparation protocols. The unique conditions provided by acoustic cavitation have enhanced solid-sample pretreatments (e.g., digestion, dissolution and extraction), which are typically applied prior to detection. At present, awareness of green aspects has led many analytical chemists to consider key indicators (e.g., operation time, safety, volume/concentration of solvents and energy consumption) when developing new sample-preparation methods. This overview tackles the main applications of ultrasound for pretreatment of solid samples and some liquid samples with a complex matrix (e.g., wastewater) in the context of green analytical chemistry.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The contents of Cr, Mo and Se in infant formulas by ICP-MS were found in good nutritional values in accordance to nutrient standards for infant formulas CODEX values.

112 citations

Related Papers (5)