Alkylation on synthetic zeolites: I. Alkylation of toluene with methanol
TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activity and properties peculiar to zeolite Y in various cationic and decationized forms during the alkylation reaction of toluene with methanol were investigated.
About: This article is published in Journal of Catalysis.The article was published on 1970-03-01. It has received 111 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Xylene & Zeolite.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a controlled reduction in the effective dimensions of the catalyst pore openings, and/or channels, along with deactivation of acidic surface sites, has been proposed as a mechanism for the selective production of p-xylene.
513 citations
TL;DR: In this article, data were presented for para-selective and nonselective formation of xylenes from alkylation of toluene with methanol and disproportionation over ZSM-5 class zeolite catalysts.
381 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of catalytic reactions leading to mono-and dialkyl benzenes over zeolites is presented, with an emphasis on the effect of the type of acid sites, zeolite structure, and reaction conditions on the activity and selectivity of these complex reactions.
Abstract: This review describes mechanisms of catalytic reactions leading to mono- and dialkyl benzenes over zeolites, which represent an important part of petrochemical products. The emphasis is given to the effect of the type of acid sites, zeolite structure, and reaction conditions on the activity and selectivity of these complex reactions, and particularly to the individual products with respect to their iso- vs. n- and ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers. The first part of the paper deals with the description and analysis of the structure and properties of the acid sites, and zeolite pore inner structure applied in synthesis of alkyl benzenes. Individual reactions leading to the synthesis of propyl benzene, xylenes, ethyl toluenes, diethyl benzenes, and transformation of trimethyl benzenes to xylenes from the view point of the reaction mechanism, function of the acid sites, and inner pore geometry of zeolites are described in the second part.
340 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the recent advances in process technology with special focus on improvements of para-isomer selectivity and catalyst stability, and provide perspective trends in related research and development.
Abstract: Disproportionation and transalkylation are important processes for the interconversion of mono-, di-, and tri-alkylbenzenes. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in process technology with special focus on improvements of para-isomer selectivity and catalyst stability. Extensive patent search and discussion on technology development are presented. The key criteria for process development are identified. The working principles of para-isomer selectivity improvements involve the reduction of diffusivity and the inactivation of external surface. In conjunction with the fundamental research, various practical modification aspects particularly the pre-coking and the silica deposition techniques, are extensively reviewed. The impact of para-isomer selective technology on process economics and product recovery strategy is discussed. Furthermore, perspective trends in related research and development are provided.
331 citations
TL;DR: It is hoped this review will stimulate further advances in the sustainable production of value-added products from lignin to integrate this invaluable "bio-waste" into the chemical/materials supply chain.
Abstract: Despite the enormous research efforts in recent years regarding lignin depolymerisation and functionalisation, few commercial products are available. This review provides a summary and viewpoint of extensive research in the lignin-to-product valorisation chain, with an emphasis on downstream processing of lignin derived feedstock into end products. It starts with an introduction of available platform chemicals and polymeric derivatives generated from lignin via existing depolymerisation and functionalisation technologies. Following that, detailed analyses of various strategies for the downstream processing of lignin derived platform chemicals and materials into fuels, valued-added chemicals and functional polymers are provided. A concise techno-economic analysis of various downstream processes is conducted based on the market demand of the end product, economic potential and technological readiness, enabling the identification of processes that are potentially both economically competitive and commercially feasible, and shedding light on processes which deserve further technological development. We wish this review will stimulate further advances in the sustainable production of value-added products from lignin to integrate this invaluable “bio-waste” into the chemical/materials supply chain.
232 citations
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245 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral properties of pyridine adsorbed on cationized zeolites prepared from Linde 13-X by ion exchange with salt solutions of K, NH4, Mg, Ca, Sr, Zn, La(III), Ce(III) and Mn are presented.
35 citations
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