All-in-one and bipolar-membrane-free acid-alkaline hydrogel electrolytes for flexible high-voltage Zn-air batteries
TL;DR: In this article, a membrane-free acid-alkaline flexible electrolyte based on thermo-reversible Pluronic® F127 hydrogels was proposed for wearable electronics, where the acid and alkaline can be decoupled but integrated simultaneously in one hydrogel.
About: This article is published in Chemical Engineering Journal.The article was published on 2022-02-15. It has received 26 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electrolyte & Self-healing hydrogels.
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TL;DR: In this article , the development of polymer-based electrolytes in terms of their intrinsic properties and interfacial chemistry has been discussed and challenges and viable strategies are proposed for polymerbased electrolyte in ZABs.
68 citations
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a new energy storage device has received unprecedented attention driven by the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking and the deepening of the concept of green energy. Compared with lithium-ion...
Abstract: New energy storage devices have received unprecedented attention driven by the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking and the deepening of the concept of green energy. Compared with lithium-ion...
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a dual-gel electrolyte design was proposed for solid-state metal-air batteries, which utilizes the acid-alkaline dualgel for the Al-air and Zn-air battery, and the acid salt dualgel (ASD-DG) for the Mg-Air battery.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the reason behind ZAB failure by CO2 corrosion and systematically review various anti-CO2 strategies for liquid and flexible ZABs, and the effectiveness of these strategies in extending battery lifetime is evaluated.
11 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the results of earlier very precise measurements of the viscosity of water at essentially atmospheric pressure were reanalyzed in terms of a new theoretically-based equation for the operation of a capillary viscometer rather than the semi-empirical equations used by the original authors.
Abstract: The paper re‐analyzes the results of earlier, very precise measurements of the viscosity of water at essentially atmospheric pressure. This is done in terms of a new, theoretically‐based equation for the operation of a capillary viscometer rather than in terms of semi‐empirical equations used by the original authors. The new analysis eliminates possible systematic errors and permits the establishment of realistic error bounds for water in its role as a standard reference substance for viscosity. The latter are smaller than those embodied in the most recent International Formulation. Standard values of the ratio of viscosity at a temperature T to its value at 20 °C have been derived from the re‐analyzed data because the uncertainty of this ratio is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the absolute values. The ratios are used to generate absolute values with the aid of the standard NBS datum μ=1002.0 μPa s at 20 °C. The viscosity ratios have been correlated with the aid of two empirical equations. The more accurate equation covers the range 0 °C?t ?40 °C with an uncertainty of ±0.05%. The less accurate equation covers the wider range −8 °C?t?150 °C with the more limited accuracy of ±0.2%. The two empirical equations are compatible with each other to 0.09%.
823 citations
TL;DR: Anti-freezing conductive organohydrogels are reported by using an H2 O/ethylene glycol binary solvent as dispersion medium with non-covalent crosslinks to exhibit stable flexibility and strain-sensitivity in the temperature range from -55.0 to 44.6 °C.
Abstract: Conductive hydrogels are a class of stretchable conductive materials that are important for various applications. However, water-based conductive hydrogels inevitably lose elasticity and conductivity at subzero temperatures, which severely limits their applications at low temperatures. Herein we report anti-freezing conductive organohydrogels by using an H2O/ethylene glycol binary solvent as dispersion medium. Owing to the freezing tolerance of the binary solvent, our organohydrogels exhibit stable flexibility and strain-sensitivity in the temperature range from −55.0 to 44.6 °C. Meanwhile, the solvent molecules could form hydrogen bonds with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains and induce the crystallization of PVA, greatly improving the mechanical strength of the organohydrogels. Furthermore, the non-covalent crosslinks endow the conductive organohydrogels with intriguing remoldability and self-healing capability, which are important for practical applications.
487 citations
TL;DR: This review highlights the highly tunable synthesis of various hydrogels, involving key synthetic elements such as monomer/polymer building blocks, cross-linkers, and functional additives, and discusses how hydrogles can be employed as precursors and templates for architecting three-dimensional frameworks of electrochemically active materials.
Abstract: Energy and water are of fundamental importance for our modern society, and advanced technologies on sustainable energy storage and conversion as well as water resource management are in the focus of intensive research worldwide. Beyond their traditional biological applications, hydrogels are emerging as an appealing materials platform for energy- and water-related applications owing to their attractive and tailorable physiochemical properties. In this review, we highlight the highly tunable synthesis of various hydrogels, involving key synthetic elements such as monomer/polymer building blocks, cross-linkers, and functional additives, and discuss how hydrogels can be employed as precursors and templates for architecting three-dimensional frameworks of electrochemically active materials. We then present an in-depth discussion of the structure-property relationships of hydrogel materials based on fundamental gelation chemistry, ultimately targeting properties such as enhanced ionic/electronic conductivities, mechanical strength, flexibility, stimuli-responsiveness, and desirable swelling behavior. The unique interconnected porous structures of hydrogels enable fast charge/mass transport while offering large surface areas, and the polymer-water interactions can be regulated to achieve desirable water retention, absorption, and evaporation within hydrogels. Such structure-derived properties are also intimately coordinated to realize multifunctionality and stability for different target devices. The plethora of stimulating examples is expounded with a focus on batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, solar water purification, and atmospheric water harvesting, which showcase the unprecedented technological potential enabled by hydrogels and hydrogel-derived materials. Finally, we study the challenges and potential ways of tackling them to reveal the underlying mechanisms and transform the current development of hydrogel materials into sustainable energy and water technologies.
485 citations
TL;DR: A detailed review of the advancements made in the design of flexible battery components: the metal electrode, the electrolyte membrane, and the air electrode can be found in this paper, where the effects of operating conditions on battery performance characteristics and durabilities are discussed, including the effect of the operating temperature and the contaminants commonly encountered in ambient air.
Abstract: The demand for flexible power sources with high energy density and durability has increased rapidly with the development of flexible and wearable electronic devices. Metal–air batteries are considered as the most promising candidates for these applications due to their excellent theoretical energy densities. In particular, rechargeable zinc–air and lithium–air batteries have attracted much attention because of their potential to offer high energy density while maintaining a long operational life. Although significant progress has been made in enhancing the electrochemical performance of these batteries, many technical challenges still remain to achieve the mechanical flexibility required for wearable electronic devices while maintaining high performance. This article describes the most recent advances and challenges in the development of flexible zinc–air and lithium–air batteries. We start with an overview of the latest innovations in the exploration of various battery configurations to effectively accommodate stresses and strains associated with the use of flexible electronic devices. This is followed by a detailed review of the advancements made in the design of flexible battery components: the metal electrode, the electrolyte membrane, and the air electrode. Furthermore, the effects of operating conditions on battery performance characteristics and durabilities are discussed, including the effect of the operating temperature and the contaminants commonly encountered in ambient air (e.g., carbon dioxide and moisture). Finally, challenges facing the development of a new generation of flexible metal–air batteries are highlighted, together with further research directions and perspectives.
442 citations
376 citations