Aloe barbadensis Miller peptide/polypeptide fraction alleviates inflammation through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in vitro and in rats with Freund’s adjuvant-induced hind paw edema
01 Dec 2019-Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (Medknow Publications)-Vol. 9, Iss: 12, pp 524
TL;DR: The results indicate that the peptide/polypeptide fraction of Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory property through inhibition of inflammatory markers and mediators responsible for NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of peptide/polypeptide fraction of Aloe vera through in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: The peptide/polypeptide fraction from Aloe vera was obtained through trichloroacetic acid precipitation. The anti-inflammatory property of the peptide/polypeptide fraction was tested by protein denaturation, membrane stabilization assays. The effect of the fraction on RAW 264.7 cell viability was examined by MTT assays. The nitric oxide level was determined through Griess reagent. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were estimated using ELISA kits. In vivo studies were carried out in male Wistar rats through injection of Freund’s adjuvant in the hind paw. Paw edema was measured through the Vernier scale and levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, TNF-α, IL-6, and secretory phospholipase A2 were estimated through their respective kits after fourteen days of treatment. GraphPad Prism6 was used for analyzing the results. Results: The peptide/polypeptide extract inhibited protein denaturation with an IC50 value of (218.9±15.6) μg/mL and stabilized the membrane of red blood cells with an IC50 value of (275.9±19.1) μg/mL. The extract showed no changes in cell morphology or cytotoxicity up to the concentration of 20 μg/mL in MTT assays. The peptide/polypeptide fraction markedly reduced the levels of proinflammatory markers and mediators in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Conclusions: The results indicate that the peptide/polypeptide fraction of Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory property through inhibition of inflammatory markers and mediators responsible for NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
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TL;DR: In this article , immunomodulatory peptides are used in vaccines as adjuvants which would be extremely desirable, especially in response to pandemics, in order to provide valuable suplements of novel functional food preparation and/or as precursors or active ingredients for drugs design for treatment variety of conditions arising from impaired function of immune system.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, immunomodulatory peptides are used in vaccines as adjuvants which would be extremely desirable, especially in response to pandemics, in order to provide valuable suplements of novel functional food preparation and/or as precursors or active ingredients for drugs design for treatment variety of conditions arising from impaired function of immune system.
23 citations
TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the bioactive components of the Aloe genus with emphasis on their anti-diabetic potential and other pharmacological benefits, and the potential applications and constraints have been discussed.
Abstract: The therapeutic and pharmacological properties of plant bioactive constituents still continue to be the subject of many researches. Species of the Aloe genus have a history in folklore medicine and they have gained more attention over the years due to their various medicinal properties. Phytochemical studies have revealed that the Aloe species contain a number of constituents, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, chromones, and mineral elements. A comprehensive evidence-based review on the different constituents of Aloe species is needed in order to understand the benefits imparted by them. This review presents an overview of the bioactive components of the Aloe genus with emphasis on their anti-diabetic potential and other pharmacological benefits. This information will be beneficial for the advancement of new strategies of Aloe formulations with therapeutic and economical value in the near future. Furthermore, the potential applications and constraints have also been discussed so as to provide a wider prospect for research in this field for the benefit of the society.
11 citations
Cites background from "Aloe barbadensis Miller peptide/pol..."
...The flower grows around 90 cm, often being pendulous and consists of yellow tubular corolla around 2–3 cm (Babu et al., 2019)....
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...Apart from that, polyphenols from Aloe species have been reported to possess anti-diabetic potential, anti-inflammatory properties, and wound healing properties (Babu et al., 2019)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism of action of Aloe vera and its two constituents (Carbohydrates and Polypeptides) in the alleviation of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through a proteomics approach was investigated.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of peptide/polypeptide fraction (PPF) of Aloe vera in the alleviation of diabetes through maintaining the intestinal permeability by regulating the zonulin and GLP-1 levels.
7 citations
References
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TL;DR: The purified Aloe protein exhibited a potent anti-fungal activity against Candida paraprilosis, Candida krusei and Candida albicans and showed an anti-inflammatory property against pure lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenases-2.
113 citations
"Aloe barbadensis Miller peptide/pol..." refers background in this paper
...It is reported that A 14 KD glycoprotein from Aloe vera could exert its anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of COX2 and lipoxygenase[13]....
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TL;DR: The foregoing relations indicate that denaturation of proteins, necrosis of living tissue, and osmotic activity of liver or kidney cells are determined by molecular weight, valence, and ion-dissociation of electrolytes, that is, by the factors that determine the colligative properties of Electrolytes.
Abstract: Necrosis of the skin was produced by the injection of measured quantities of electrolytes and of amino compounds into the dermis, and the relative ability of these substances to produce it was determined. Inflammation characterized by edema and accumulation of leucocytes accompanied necrosis. The ability of electrolytes to produce necrosis was found to increase with the valence of their basic ion, and in this respect was in accord with their ability to denature proteins. The quantity of different electrolytes needed to produce necrosis varied in the same order as the molar concentration of these electrolytes, that is isotonic with liver or kidney cells. Necrosis caused by amino compounds occurred with similar relation to the isotonicity of liver cells. In this as in other relations the cells acted as osmometers. The foregoing relations indicate that denaturation of proteins, necrosis of living tissue, and osmotic activity of liver or kidney cells are determined by molecular weight, valence, and ion-dissociation of electrolytes, that is, by the factors that determine the colligative properties of electrolytes. Agents such as turpentine, mustard, or croton oil and some halogen substitution compounds of methyl that are insoluble in water and soluble in lipoids have produced skin necrosis and inflammation.
105 citations
"Aloe barbadensis Miller peptide/pol..." refers background in this paper
...Tissue injury can be referred to as protein denaturation in cells and tissues[31]....
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TL;DR: AM‐ablated mice, infected with a normally sublethal dose of PR8 influenza virus, showed dramatically increased virus load in the lungs, severe airway inflammation, pulmonary edema and vascular leakage, which caused the death of the infected animals.
Abstract: Alveolar macrophages (AMs), localized at the pulmonary air-tissue interface, are one of the first lines of defense that interact with inhaled airborne pathogens such as influenza viruses. By using a new CD169-DTR transgenic mouse strain we demonstrate that specific and highly controlled in vivo ablation of this myeloid cell subset leads to severe impairment of the innate, but not adaptive, immune responses and critically affects the progression of the disease. In fact, AM-ablated mice, infected with a normally sublethal dose of PR8 influenza virus, showed dramatically increased virus load in the lungs, severe airway inflammation, pulmonary edema and vascular leakage, which caused the death of the infected animals. Our data highlight the possibilities for new therapeutic strategies focusing on modulation of AMs, which may efficiently boost innate responses to influenza infections.
94 citations
"Aloe barbadensis Miller peptide/pol..." refers methods in this paper
...TNF-α and IL-6 levels were estimated using ELISA kits....
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...Nevertheless, excessive inflammation in the body leads to diseases such as arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disorder, diabetes, etc. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), chemokines, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) are all involved in the inflammatory response[2]....
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...The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and sPLA2 were increased significantly by 73.4%, 68.35 and 70.2%, respectively in adjuvant-induced rats (Group IC) when compared to the normal group rats (P 0.001)....
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...All standard chemicals, TNF-α , and IL-6 ELISA kits, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), complete-Freund’s adjuvant were procured from Sigma Aldrich (USA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) from Arkray Healthcare Pvt Ltd (India) and secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) kit from Cayman (USA)....
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...The plasma was used for the estimation of AST and ALT[26], TNF-α, IL-6, and sPLA2[27] levels through respective ELISA kits as per the manufacturer’s protocol....
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TL;DR: This review presents the structurally diverse array of available sPLA2 group IIA inhibitors, their associated biological activity in animal models, and evaluation of therapeutic potential in phase II clinical trials in humans.
Abstract: Phospholipases A2 cleave membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid, the precursor to a large family of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids including prostaglandins and leukotrienes that have been proven to exacerbate numerous diseases that have an inflammatory component. Current therapies include NSAIDs' that inhibit cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2) but have no effect on the production of leukotrienes or platelet activating factor (PAF). Inhibitors of PLA2 therefore offer the potential to block production of a more complete set of inflammatory substances through blockade at the onset of the cascade of reactions that follow arachidonic acid release. Many potent, bioavailable and selective inhibitors of human sPLA2 group IIA have been available for more than a decade and have provided compelling support for a causative role of sPLA2 group IIA in numerous studies involving animal models of inflammatory diseases. However, the true value of sPLA2 inhibitors for the treatment of human diseases has had to await phase II clinical trials which have only been completed in the last two years. This review presents the structurally diverse array of available sPLA2 group IIA inhibitors, their associated biological activity in animal models, and evaluation of therapeutic potential in phase II clinical trials in humans.
84 citations
"Aloe barbadensis Miller peptide/pol..." refers background in this paper
...These sPLA2 enzymes are active during inflammation and are one of the major targets for drug development against inflammation[39]....
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TL;DR: Results indicated that TGP might exert its anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in synoviocytes of CIA rats, which might be associated with its ability to regulate cAMP-dependent EP(2)/EP(4)-mediated pathway.
82 citations
"Aloe barbadensis Miller peptide/pol..." refers background in this paper
...Both TNF-α and IL-6 act synergistically in activating the immune cells in synovium leading to bone loss along with oxidative stress[38]....
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