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Alteration mineral mapping using ETM+ and hyperion remote sensing data at Bau gold field, Sarawak, Malaysia

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) and Hyperion data to carry out mineral mapping of mineralized zones in the study area and surrounding terrain and applied Directed Principal Components Analysis (DPCA) transformation of four appropriate ETM+ band ratios were applied to produce DPC images, allowing the removal of the effects of vegetation from ETM+, and the detection of separate mineral images at a regional scale.
Abstract: The area under investigation is the Bau gold mining district in the State of Sarawak, East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. It has tropical climate with limited bedrock exposures. Bau is a gold field similar to Carlin style gold deposits. Geological analyses coupled with remote sensing data were used to detect hydrothermally altered rocks associated with gold mineralization. The Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) and Hyperion data were used to carry out mineral mapping of mineralized zones in the study area and surrounding terrain. Directed Principal Components Analysis (DPCA) transformation of four appropriate ETM+ band ratios were applied to produce DPC images, allowing the removal of the effects of vegetation from ETM+ data and the detection of separate mineral images at a regional scale. Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) was used to produce image maps of hydroxyl-bearing minerals using Hyperion data at a district scale. Results derived from the visible and near infrared and shortwave infrared bands of Hyperion represented iron oxide/hydroxide and clay minerals rich zones associated with the known gold prospects in the Bau district. The results show that the known gold prospects and potentially interesting areas are recognizable by the methods used, despite limited bedrock exposure in this region and the constraints imposed by the tropical environment. The approach used in this study can be more broadly applicable to provide an opportunity for detecting potentially interesting areas of gold mineralization using the ETM+ and Hyperion data in the tropical/sub-tropical regions.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a two-stage methodology was adopted to distinguish pixel and sub-pixel targets in the satellite images, where the first stage used Continuum Removal (CR) spectral mapping tool and Independent Components Analysis (ICA) technique were applied to Landsat-8 and ASTER spectral bands to map the pixels related to poorly exposed lithological units.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of data from the recently launched Landsat-8 for mapping hydrothermal alteration areas and lithological units associated with porphyry copper exploration in arid and semi-arid regions was studied.

132 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the integration of the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data for geological mapping applications in tropical environments is investigated.
Abstract: Remote sensing investigation for mineral deposits exploration in tropical environments is not completely implemented due to obstacles imposed by tropical climate. Recent challenge is to use the most suitable recent generation of remote sensing data and image processing approaches for the detection of lithological units and structural features associated with epithermal and polymetallic vein-type mineralisation, which are concealed by tropical rainforest. This research investigates the integration of the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data for geological mapping applications in tropical environments. The eastern part of the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia with high potential for gold prospecting has been investigated as a case study to identify structural features and mineral assemblages using PALSAR and ASTER data. Adaptive local sigma and directional filters were applied to PALSAR data...

79 citations


Cites background from "Alteration mineral mapping using ET..."

  • ...Directional filter is very useful for producing artificial effects suggesting tectonically controlled linear features (Drury 1986, Suzen and Toprak 1998, Kavak and Cetin 2007, Amri et al. 2011, Pour and Hashim 2014b, 2015)....

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  • ...However, preliminary studies demonstrated the applicability of satellite remote sensing imagery for mineral exploration in tropical environments (Carranza and Hale 2002; Galvão et al. 2005; Hashim et al. 2013, Pour et al. 2013, 2014, Pour and Hashim 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, 2015)....

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DOI
07 Dec 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an up-to-date and focused review of the applications of the hyperspectral remote sensing to mineral exploration, focusing on the applications in mining.
Abstract: The hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been available to the research community for more than three decades Since in its first steps the hyperspectral technology was also promoted as a tool for mineral exploration Numerous mineral exploration applications of hyperspectral remote sensing have been reported This paper provides an up-to-date and focused review of the applications of the hyperspectral remote sensing to mineral exploration The ore deposits are grouped based on major processes of formation (magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary, supergene) The review shows that the hyperspectral remote sensing technology has found application to the study and exploration of a number of ore deposits including kimberlites (host-rocks of diamonds), carbonatites (host-rock of rare earth elements deposits), porphyry deposits, epithermal gold and silver deposits, skarn deposits, volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits, orogenic gold deposits, Carlin-type gold deposits, SEDEX Pb-Zn-Ag deposits On the other hand, the possibilities of the hyperspectral technology remain still underexplored for the study and exploration of chromite deposits, Ni-sulfide deposits in mafic and ultramafic rocks, rare-metal pegmatites, greisen and related deposits, Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposits, Kupferschiefer deposits and uranium deposits in sedimentary basins, iron ores in banded-iron formations, laterites and bauxites A special attention has been paid in this review to the applications in mineral exploration of the emerging airborne hyperspectral thermal infrared technology In addition, the possibilities and limitations of spaceborne hyperspectral imagery of moderate spatial resolution for detailed characterization and detection of mineralized systems are discussed for each major deposit type The spatial resolution of the hyperspectral data is noted to be a key factor on the success of a hyperspectral exploration project By providing a full up-to-date picture of the applications and contribution of the hyperspectral imagery to the exploration and characterization of ore deposits this review paper should be useful to the interested geological remote sensing researcher and practitioner, and to the mineral exploration manager as well

40 citations


Cites background from "Alteration mineral mapping using ET..."

  • ...The authors report encouraging results despite the moderate spatial resolution of the spaceborne hyperspectral data (Pour and Hashim, 2014)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a Directed Principal Component Analysis (DPCA) was used to map the alteration zones with overall 74% accuracy, leading to demarcation of 28% alteration area within a 10 km wide and 60 km long stretch of SPSZ.

24 citations

References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
10 Jul 1989
TL;DR: In this article, Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used for spectral unmixing and determination of the spatial scales of mixing in a mixing end-member library.
Abstract: The use of imaging spectrometers, which acquire data that are both spectrally contiguous images and spatially contiguous spectra, for quantitative remote sensing of the earth is addressed. Such data sets cannot be analyzed fully using either existing spectroscopic or image techniques. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used here for spectral unmixing and determination of the spatial scales of mixing. It is shown that when it is used to invert the mixing endmember library, SVD allows more insight into library characteristics and more control of the inversion process than other commonly used matrix inversion techniques.

244 citations


"Alteration mineral mapping using ET..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...This technique also known as sub-pixel sampling, or spectral mixture analysis, is a widely used procedure to determine the proportion of constituent materials within a pixel based on the materials’ spectral characteristics [5]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1990-Geology
TL;DR: This paper proposed that gold was contributed by magmatic hydrothermal fluids and was deposited on the peripheries of base and precious-metal districts, up to several kilometres from progenitor intrusions.
Abstract: Sediment-hosted or Carlin-type gold deposits are currently thought to have been generated at shallow levels in geothermal systems, the gold having been scavenged from host sedimentary sequences by meteoric hydrothermal fluids. In contrast, we propose that gold was contributed by magmatic hydrothermal fluids and was deposited on the peripheries of base and precious-metal districts, up to several kilometres from progenitor intrusions. Support for our model is provided by relations at Bau in eastern Malaysia, Bingham in Utah, and elsewhere, combined with geologic, chronologic, and metallogenic observations from the three principal alignments of gold-bearing deposits in Nevada. The proposed model has important exploration implications, and can be tested.

159 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a two-stage methodology was adopted to distinguish pixel and sub-pixel targets in the satellite images, where the first stage used Continuum Removal (CR) spectral mapping tool and Independent Components Analysis (ICA) technique were applied to Landsat-8 and ASTER spectral bands to map the pixels related to poorly exposed lithological units.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of data from the recently launched Landsat-8 for mapping hydrothermal alteration areas and lithological units associated with porphyry copper exploration in arid and semi-arid regions was studied.

132 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated and demonstrated the detection of hydrothermal alteration zones and structural elements associated with intrusion-related gold mineralization using various types of remote sensing data in the Bau gold mining district in the State of Sarawak, East Malaysia on the island of Borneo.

110 citations