Alterations of circadian rhythms of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid, adrenal and insulin hormones, and blood glucose profiles following lithium treatment in alternate Light–Dark, constant Light and constant Dark regimens in rats
TL;DR: Intraperitoneal injection of lithium sustained circadian rhythms of T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), corticosterone, norepinephrine and epinephrine in light–dark and constant dark but not in constant light, and abolished circadian rhythm of insulin and blood glucose in all the photoperiodic regimens, except insulin.
Abstract: Lithium, widely used for the treatment of mania, has adverse side effects on circadian rhythms of pineal and testicular hormones. Objective was to examine the role of lithium on circadian rhythms of other hormones and glucose profiles in light–dark (12L:12D), constant light (12L:12L) and constant dark (12D:12D) regimens in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of lithium (2 mEq/kg body wt daily for 15 days) sustained circadian rhythms of T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), corticosterone, norepinephrine and epinephrine in light–dark and constant dark but not in constant light. But it abolished circadian rhythms of insulin and blood glucose in all the photoperiodic regimens, except insulin, without changing their pattern in constant dark. Patterns of circadian rhythms of thyroid and TSH, and adrenal hormones remained unchanged after lithium treatment in L–D or D–D, except TSH in L–D. The probable role of photoperiodic cue and lithium on circadian and/or nycthemeral (daily) rhythms of hormones and blood gl...
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TL;DR: It is illustrated that LL alters thyroid-related hormones, providing evidence of a link between circadian disruption and thyroid function.
Abstract: Disruptions to the circadian rhythm can lead to altered metabolism. Modification of thyroid function may be a reason why circadian misalignment may contribute to future metabolic disorders. We inve...
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Cites result from "Alterations of circadian rhythms of..."
...These results are corroborated by earlier studies that show alterations to thyroid-related hormone levels or the blunting of rhythms in LL (Pradhan et al., 2012; Brammer et al. 1979; Olatunji-Bello and Sofola 2001)....
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References
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TL;DR: Manual and automated methods for the determination of blood glucose have been devised using an oxidase/peroxidase system, with dl adrenaline, a non-carcinogen, as oxygen acceptor.
Abstract: Manual and automated methods for the determination of blood glucose have been devised using an oxidase/peroxidase system, with dl adrenaline, a non-carcinogen, as oxygen acceptor. The manual technique employs a stable single solution protein precipitant and the other reagents used are also stable. The automated methods are operated at 40/hr sample speed and washover between samples, over a very wide concentration range, is negligible.
1,577 citations
"Alterations of circadian rhythms of..." refers methods in this paper
...Serum glucose levels were measured by the glucose oxidase– peroxidase (GOD–POD) enzymatic method (Trinder 1969) using the AUTOSPAN Kit (Span Diagnostic Ltd, Surat, India)....
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TL;DR: Together these agents appear to determine the complex physiologic responses to a variety of stressors.
Abstract: Stress stimulates several adaptive hormonal responses. Prominent among these responses are the secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla, corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex, and adrenocorticotropin from the anterior pituitary. A number of complex interactions are involved in the regulation of these hormones. Glucocorticoids regulate catecholamine biosynthesis in the adrenal medulla and catecholamines stimulate adrenocorticotropin release from the anterior pituitary. In addition, other hormones, including corticotropin-releasing factor, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and arginine vasopressin stimulate while the corticosteroids and somatostatin inhibit adrenocorticotropin secretion. Together these agents appear to determine the complex physiologic responses to a variety of stressors.
1,529 citations
TL;DR: A fluorometric hydroxyindole assay method for a wide range of catecholamines and related compounds has been developed based on iodine oxidation, alkaline rearrangement, and subsequent measurement of the fluorescence of the final solution at an acid pH.
Abstract: A fluorometric hydroxyindole assay method for a wide range of catecholamines and related compounds has been developed based on iodine oxidation, alkaline rearrangement, and subsequent measurement of the fluorescence of the final solution at an acid pH. The structural requirements for the hydroxyindole reaction have been examined. The use of specific conditions for each compound at each stage of the reaction has resulted in increased sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility, while the use of one basic method for a wide variety of compounds is an advantage for laboratory applications.
698 citations
TL;DR: Dec1 and Dec2 are regulators of the mammalian molecular clock, and form a fifth clock-gene family that repressed Clock/Bmal1-induced transactivation of the mouse Per1 promoter through direct protein–protein interactions with Bmal1 and/or competition for E-box elements.
Abstract: The circadian rhythms in mammals are regulated by a pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Four clock-gene families have been found to be involved in a transcription-translation feedback loop that generates the circadian rhythm at the intracellular level. The proteins Clock and Bmal1 form a heterodimer which activates the transcription of the Per gene from the E-box elements in its promoter region. Protein products of Per act together with Cry proteins to inhibit Per transcription, thus closing the autoregulatory feedback loop. We found that Dec1 and Dec2, basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, repressed Clock/Bmal1-induced transactivation of the mouse Per1 promoter through direct protein-protein interactions with Bmal1 and/or competition for E-box elements. Dec1 and Dec2 are expressed in the suprachiasmic nucleus in a circadian fashion, with a peak in the subjective day. A brief light pulse induced Dec1 but not Dec2 expression in the suprachiasmic nucleus in a phase-dependent manner. Dec1 and Dec2 are regulators of the mammalian molecular clock, and form a fifth clock-gene family.
627 citations
"Alterations of circadian rhythms of..." refers background in this paper
...It is known that in mammals, circadian rhythms of most of the biological activities are regulated by a family of clock genes (PER-1,2 and 3, CRY-1,2, CLOCK, B MAL, DEC1 and DEC2) located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (Honma et al. 2002; Maywood et al. 2003; Wang and Tong 2004)....
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