Ambiguity and constraint in mathematical expression recognition
Citations
327 citations
Cites background or methods from "Ambiguity and constraint in mathema..."
...[6,16], Miller and Viola [46] Feature extraction and nearest neighbor classification Fateman et al....
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...[6,16] and Miller and Viola [46] used Hausdorff distance....
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...[35], Lavirotte and Pottier [37,38], Marzinkewitsch [45], Pfeiffer [55] Chart parsing associated with probability vectors Miller and Viola [46]...
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...[32,43,64–67] and Miller and Viola [46]....
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...Miller and Viola [46] took a relatively new approach for the recognition of mathematical expressions....
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267 citations
Cites background from "Ambiguity and constraint in mathema..."
...(a) Which division is performed first? (b) Is a superscripted? (c) What is the scope of the summation? (d) Is this symbol a 9 or a q? The perceived answer depends on context (from [103]) (e) What do s, t and · represent?...
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...Stochastic context-free grammars allow uncertainty in symbol recognition, layout and/or content to be accommodated, by returning the maximum-likelihood derivation for the input image [34] or symbols [103]....
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258 citations
Additional excerpts
...Surveys are available in [1] and [2]....
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223 citations
Cites background from "Ambiguity and constraint in mathema..."
...Finally, a number of systems let users enter 2D handwritten mathematics in the context of math recognition and parsing, such as those found in [Zanibbi et al. 2002; Chan and Yeung 2000a; Matsakis 1999; Miller and Viola 1998]....
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182 citations
References
21,651 citations
13,779 citations
"Ambiguity and constraint in mathema..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The Cocke-Younger-Kasami (CYK) algorithm (Hopcroft & Ullman 1979), a dynamic programming algorithm, is cubic in the number of characters....
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...Mathematical expressions, which are collections of symbols arranged in two dimensions, do not have a straightforward decomposition into a polynomial number of subsets....
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...Context-free grammars have proven to be very useful in the parsing of programming languages (Hopcroft & Ullman 1979)....
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4,194 citations
"Ambiguity and constraint in mathema..." refers methods in this paper
...A character recognizer based on the Hausdorff distance ( Huttenlocher, Klanderman, & Rucklidge 1993 ) is used to generate probabilities that each connected component or pair of connected components is a particular character....
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1,028 citations