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Journal ArticleDOI

Amperometric biosensors for detection of the prostate cancer marker (PSA)

TL;DR: An amperometric detection procedure for t-PSA using three electrode system in which working electrode (THE AUTHORS) is made of hydroxyethyl cellulose and rhodinised carbon is presented, which is rapid, very easy to use and involves low cost compared with other procedures.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Pharmaceutics.The article was published on 2002-05-15. It has received 104 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Prostate-specific antigen & Prostate.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
07 Mar 2008-Sensors
TL;DR: In this article, the most common traditional traditional techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and various field-effect transistor based methods are presented along with selected promising novel approaches, including nanowire or magnetic nanoparticle-based biosensing.
Abstract: Quantification of biological or biochemical processes are of utmost importance for medical, biological and biotechnological applications. However, converting the biological information to an easily processed electronic signal is challenging due to the complexity of connecting an electronic device directly to a biological environment. Electrochemical biosensors provide an attractive means to analyze the content of a biological sample due to the direct conversion of a biological event to an electronic signal. Over the past decades several sensing concepts and related devices have been developed. In this review, the most common traditional techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and various field-effect transistor based methods are presented along with selected promising novel approaches, such as nanowire or magnetic nanoparticle-based biosensing. Additional measurement techniques, which have been shown useful in combination with electrochemical detection, are also summarized, such as the electrochemical versions of surface plasmon resonance, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning probe microscopy. The signal transduction and the general performance of electrochemical sensors are often determined by the surface architectures that connect the sensing element to the biological sample at the nanometer scale. The most common surface modification techniques, the various electrochemical transduction mechanisms, and the choice of the recognition receptor molecules all influence the ultimate sensitivity of the sensor. New nanotechnology-based approaches, such as the use of engineered ion-channels in lipid bilayers, the encapsulation of enzymes into vesicles, polymersomes, or polyelectrolyte capsules provide additional possibilities for signal amplification. In particular, this review highlights the importance of the precise control over the delicate interplay between surface nano-architectures, surface functionalization and the chosen sensor transducer principle, as well as the usefulness of complementary characterization tools to interpret and to optimize the sensor response.

1,550 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review provides an overview of the biosensor technology available today, areas which are currently being developed and researched for cancer markers diagnosis-and a consideration of future prospects for the technology.

460 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This tutorial review highlights the recent advances in bio- and chemo-sensors derived from polydiacetylenes and develops efficient sensory systems based on PDAs.
Abstract: Polydiacetylenes (PDAs), a family of conjugated polymers, have very unique electrical and optical properties. Upon environmental stimulation, such as by viruses, proteins, DNAs, metal ions, organic molecules etc., the blue PDAs can undergo a colorimetric transition from blue to red, which is accompanied by a fluorescence enhancement. Since the first report on polymerized diacetylene molecules as sensors of influenza virus, the development of efficient sensory systems based on PDAs continues to be of great interest. This tutorial review highlights the recent advances in bio- and chemo-sensors derived from polydiacetylenes.

363 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review highlights the current and novel analytical technologies used for PSA detection, which will benefit clinicians, patients and forensic workers in the future.

266 citations


Cites methods from "Amperometric biosensors for detecti..."

  • ...Sandwich immunoassay on three-electrode system 0.25 ng/ml 10 60 [ 31 ]...

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  • ...For example, amperometric detection of PSA at 0.25 ng/ml using a three-electrode system has been reported [ 31 ]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This brief review focuses on the current research of immunosensors for tumor markers based on the electrochemical and chemiluminescent detection with emphasis on recent advances, challenges, and trends.

244 citations


Cites methods from "Amperometric biosensors for detecti..."

  • ...An amperometric detection procedure for PSA using three-electrode system has been developed, in which the working electrode was made of hydroxyethyl cellulose and rhodinised carbon (Sarkar et al., 2002)....

    [...]

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An interpretation of the results is given which requires some extension of the classical peroxidase mechanism, and a study of the steady-state kinetics over a whole range of substrate concentrations is reported.
Abstract: The chemical nature of the important new chromogen ABTS [2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] is described together with an account of the redox and spectroscopic properties of the system ABTS--H2O2--peroxidase. Keq. is calculated and a study of the steady-state kinetics over a whole range of substrate concentrations is reported. By using novel methods of kinetic analysis, an interpretation of the results is given which requires some extension of the classical peroxidase mechanism.

829 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Results indicate that PA is a histiotypic product of the prostate and may be of use as an adjunctive tool in diagnostic procedures of prostate cancer.
Abstract: A sensitive sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay has been developed for quantitation of a human prostate-specific antigen (PA). With this method, PA at a concentration as low as 0.10 ng/ml can be detected. The assay was reproducible as within and between assays yielded a coefficient of variation of 5.7% and 4.6%, respectively. Only human prostate tissues ( n = 31) were shown to contain PA. No PA was detected in other human normal or tumor tissues ( n = 13). PA was not detectable in sera from normal females ( n = 17) or female cancer patients ( n = 25). A mean ± S.D. of 0.47 ± 0.661 ng/ml (ranging from less than 0.10 to 2.6) was obtained from a group of 51 normal males. Sera from male patients with nonprostatic cancer contained a similar range of PA as that of normal males. Patients with prostate cancer (371 of 442) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (13 of 19) were shown to have elevated levels of circulating PA. Although no quantitative difference in PA levels was found between the benign prostatic hypertrophy group and Stage A of prostatic cancer, patients with Stages C and D prostatic cancer exhibited significantly elevated levels of PA qualitatively and quantitatively. These results therefore indicate that PA is a histiotypic product of the prostate and may be of use as an adjunctive tool in diagnostic procedures of prostate cancer.

289 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of polymeric films as a medium to incorporate mediators, while an important function, is too vast for review here as mentioned in this paper, and the applications of polymer film-modified biosensors for selected analytical determinations are also presented.
Abstract: Different types of polymeric films implemented in various capacities in amperometric biosensor design are reviewed. Conducting and nonconductinzg polymer films and composite films are considered. Methods of film fabrication such as solvent casting, electropolymerization, and adsorption are presented. Film function, including prevention of interference and fouling problems, immobilization of the enzyme or active biocomponent, extension of linear range, or to address biocompatibility problems are described. The use of polymeric films as a medium to incorporate mediators, while an important function, is too vast for review here. The applications of polymer film-modified biosensors for selected analytical determinations are also presented. This review focuses upon the use of polymer films in amperometric biosensors and emphasizes innovative biosensor designs and unique applications, and omits traditional free-standing films unless they are coupled with new types of polymer films or used innovatively.

180 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both the serum concentration and the proportion of complexed PSA was substantially higher in patients with CaP compared with patients with benign prostate disease, and the cPSA assay may have utility in improving specificity in screening for prostate cancer.
Abstract: Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an effective diagnostic tool for detection of prostate cancer (CaP) at an early and potentially curable stage, but specificity is low. Studies have shown that the proportion of serum PSA complexed with α-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is higher in men with CaP than in men with benign prostate disease. We developed a novel immunoassay for complexed PSA based on the unique binding properties of a monoclonal antibody that fails to bind free PSA in the presence of antibodies specific for free PSA. The assay measured mixtures of free and complexed PSA accurately, and the measured values of free + complexed PSA in artificial mixtures and in patient sera were equivalent to the measured value of total PSA. Both the serum concentration and the proportion of complexed PSA was substantially higher in patients with CaP compared with patients with benign prostate disease. The cPSA assay may have utility in improving specificity in screening for prostate cancer.

122 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Analyst
TL;DR: The biosensor compares favourably with a standard photometric amino acid test and was used to monitor milk ageing effects and the assay is cheap, simple to perform and rapid, requiring only buffer-electrolyte and a small sample volume.
Abstract: Screen-printed three-electrode amperometric sensors incorporating L- and/or D-amino acid oxidase for the general purpose measurement of L- or D-amino acids is described. The working electrode incorporates rhodinised carbon, to facilitate hydrogen peroxide oxidation at a decreased operating potential, and immobilised enzyme. The devices responded to all 20 common L-amino acids and all of the D-amino acids examined, the exceptions being L- and D-proline. Linear response profiles were observed for L-leucine, L-glycine and L-phenylalanine with limits of detection of 0.47, 0.15 and 0.20 mM respectively. The devices were reproducible and exhibited stability over a 56 d test period. The biosensor compares favourably with a standard photometric amino acid test and was used to monitor milk ageing effects. The assay is cheap, simple to perform and rapid, requiring only buffer–electrolyte and a small sample volume.

109 citations