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An Architecture for Differentiated Service

01 Dec 1998-Vol. 2475, pp 1-36
TL;DR: An architecture for implementing scalable service differentiation in the Internet achieves scalability by aggregating traffic classification state which is conveyed by means of IP-layer packet marking using the DS field [DSFIELD].
Abstract: This document defines an architecture for implementing scalable service differentiation in the Internet. This architecture achieves scalability by aggregating traffic classification state which is conveyed by means of IP-layer packet marking using the DS field [DSFIELD]. Packets are classified and marked to receive a particular per-hop forwarding behavior on nodes along their path. Sophisticated classification, marking, policing, and shaping operations need only be implemented at network boundaries or hosts. Network resources are allocated to traffic streams by service provisioning policies which govern how traffic is marked and conditioned upon entry to a differentiated services-capable network, and how that traffic is forwarded within that network. A wide variety of services can be implemented on top of these building blocks.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: On conventional PC hardware, the Click IP router achieves a maximum loss-free forwarding rate of 333,000 64-byte packets per second, demonstrating that Click's modular and flexible architecture is compatible with good performance.
Abstract: Clicks is a new software architecture for building flexible and configurable routers. A Click router is assembled from packet processing modules called elements. Individual elements implement simple router functions like packet classification, queuing, scheduling, and interfacing with network devices. A router configurable is a directed graph with elements at the vertices; packets flow along the edges of the graph. Several features make individual elements more powerful and complex configurations easier to write, including pull connections, which model packet flow drivn by transmitting hardware devices, and flow-based router context, which helps an element locate other interesting elements. Click configurations are modular and easy to extend. A standards-compliant Click IP router has 16 elements on its forwarding path; some of its elements are also useful in Ethernet switches and IP tunnelling configurations. Extending the IP router to support dropping policies, fairness among flows, or Differentiated Services simply requires adding a couple of element at the right place. On conventional PC hardware, the Click IP router achieves a maximum loss-free forwarding rate of 333,000 64-byte packets per second, demonstrating that Click's modular and flexible architecture is compatible with good performance.

2,595 citations


Cites background from "An Architecture for Differentiated ..."

  • ...Extending the IP router to support dropping policies, fairness among flows, or Differen­tiated Services simply requires adding a couple of elements at the right place....

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  • ...Definition of the Differentiated Services field (DS field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 headers....

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  • ...…fundamental properties like packet dropping policies are still under active research [Floyd and Jacobson 1993; Lakshman et al. 1996; Cisco Corporation 1999], and initiatives like Differentiated Services [Blake et al. 1998] bring the need for flexibility close to the core of the Internet....

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  • ...IP router extensions for scheduling and dropping policies, complex queuing, and Differentiated Services simply require adding and rearranging a couple of elements....

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  • ...6.5 Differentiated Services Evaluation Section 4.4 showed that Click can conveniently model Differentiated Ser­vices configurations; this section shows that Click can enforce diffserv policies using only packet scheduling elements like PrioSched....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
12 Dec 1999
TL;DR: The Click IP router can forward 64-byte packets at 73,000 packets per second, just 10% slower than Linux alone, and is easy to extend by adding additional elements, which are demonstrated with augmented configurations.
Abstract: Click is a new software architecture for building flexible and configurable routers. A Click router is assembled from packet processing modules called elements. Individual elements implement simple router functions like packet classification, queueing, scheduling, and interfacing with network devices. Complete configurations are built by connecting elements into a graph; packets flow along the graph's edges. Several features make individual elements more powerful and complex configurations easier to write, including pull processing, which models packet flow driven by transmitting interfaces, and flow-based router context, which helps an element locate other interesting elements.We demonstrate several working configurations, including an IP router and an Ethernet bridge. These configurations are modular---the IP router has 16 elements on the forwarding path---and easy to extend by adding additional elements, which we demonstrate with augmented configurations. On commodity PC hardware running Linux, the Click IP router can forward 64-byte packets at 73,000 packets per second, just 10% slower than Linux alone.

1,608 citations


Cites background from "An Architecture for Differentiated ..."

  • ...The Differentiated Services architecture [Blake et al. 1998] provides mechanisms for border and core routers to jointly manage aggregate traffic streams....

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  • ...1996; Cisco Corporation 1999], and initiatives like Differentiated Services [Blake et al. 1998] bring the need for flexibility close to the core of the Internet....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This survey paper looks at emerging research into the application of Machine Learning techniques to IP traffic classification - an inter-disciplinary blend of IP networking and data mining techniques.
Abstract: The research community has begun looking for IP traffic classification techniques that do not rely on `well known? TCP or UDP port numbers, or interpreting the contents of packet payloads. New work is emerging on the use of statistical traffic characteristics to assist in the identification and classification process. This survey paper looks at emerging research into the application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to IP traffic classification - an inter-disciplinary blend of IP networking and data mining techniques. We provide context and motivation for the application of ML techniques to IP traffic classification, and review 18 significant works that cover the dominant period from 2004 to early 2007. These works are categorized and reviewed according to their choice of ML strategies and primary contributions to the literature. We also discuss a number of key requirements for the employment of ML-based traffic classifiers in operational IP networks, and qualitatively critique the extent to which the reviewed works meet these requirements. Open issues and challenges in the field are also discussed.

1,519 citations


Cites background from "An Architecture for Differentiated ..."

  • ...On the other hand, the development of other QoS solutions such as IntServ [8] or DiffServ [9] has been stymied in part due to the lack of QoS signaling and of an effective service pricing mechanism (as suggested in [10] and [11])....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The existing technologies and a wide array of past and state-of-the-art projects on network virtualization are surveyed followed by a discussion of major challenges in this area.

1,235 citations


Cites background from "An Architecture for Differentiated ..."

  • ...The main objective of the AGAVE [49–51] project is to provide end-to-end QoS-aware service provisioning over IP networks following the theme of QoS forwarding mechanisms such as IntServ [52] and DiffServ [53,54]....

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DOI
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: This document is FOR COMMENT as a potential DRAFT standard for medium-access physical layer components that meet the functional requirements of a point-to-multipoint Broadband (BWA) system as defined by the IEEE 802.16 Working Group.
Abstract: This chapter contains sections titled: Overview MAC convergence sublayer MAC common part sublayer MAC security sublayer MAC enhancements for 2-11 GHz operation IEEE 802.16 physical layers Coexistence BWA business and technology trends

1,104 citations