Journal ArticleDOI
An Association of a Lolium Endophyte with Ryegrass Staggers
L. R. Fletcher,I. C. Harvey +1 more
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Several groups of fungi produce tremorgens which, when injected into sheep, produce symptoms similar to those in field outbreaks of RGS, but under field conditions, populations of these fungi have not been shown to differ significantly between toxic and non-toxic pasture.Abstract:
Sir, — In recent years, much research effort has been directed towards identifying the cause of Ryegrass staggers (RGS). Many promising leads have been investigated, including studies of fungi in soil, ryegrass leaves, and dead leaf litter that could produce tremorgenic mycotoxins(3). Several groups of fungi produce tremorgens(4) which, when injected into sheep, produce symptoms similar to those in field outbreaks of RGS. However, under field conditions, populations of these fungi have not been shown to differ significantly between toxic and non-toxic pasture(7) (McKenzie & Byford, unpublished data).read more
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The Hidden World within Plants: Ecological and Evolutionary Considerations for Defining Functioning of Microbial Endophytes
Pablo R. Hardoim,Leonard S. van Overbeek,Gabriele Berg,Anna Maria Pirttilä,Stéphane Compant,Andrea Campisano,Matthias Döring,Angela Sessitsch +7 more
TL;DR: This review addresses the concept of endophytism, considering the latest insights into evolution, plant ecosystem functioning, and multipartite interactions.
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Symbioses of grasses with seedborne fungal endophytes
TL;DR: The endophytes gain shelter, nutrition, and dissemination via host propagules, and can contribute an array of host fitness enhancements including protection against insect and vertebrate herbivores and root nematodes, enhancements of drought tolerance and nutrient status, and improved growth particularly of the root.
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Adaptations of endophyte-infected cool-season grasses to environmental stresses : Mechanisms of drought and mineral stress tolerance
TL;DR: Understanding mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in endophyte-infected grasses is essential for continued improvement and persistence of grasses for a range of applications, e.g., forage for semi-arid areas or cover plants for soil renovation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epichloë
TL;DR: This paper proposed a nomenclatural realignment of this monophyletic group into one genus to enhance a broader understanding of the relationships and common features of these grass endophytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Progress in breeding perennial forage grasses for temperate agriculture
TL;DR: Improvements in primary quality traits must be combined with good plant persistence, adequate tolerance to a range of environmental stresses, adequate resistance to a large number of different pathogens and invertebrate pests, and adequate seed yield to ensure consistent production of herbage with a high feeding value.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Further observations on the systemic infection of Lolium
TL;DR: Mycelial characteristics, the fact that it does not form a thick zone of mycelium in the fruit and that it will grow readily as a saprophyte on all kinds of media distinguish it from the well-known endophyte of Lolium.
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The presence and absence of an endophytic fungus in Lolium temulentum and L. perenne
TL;DR: It is shown that both species can exist either with or without an endophytic fungus, and that the relation is not an obligate one so far as the higher plant is concerned emerges from the experimental work discussed.
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The role of fungal tremorgens in ryegrass staggers
TL;DR: Observations are consistent with, but not conclusive proof of, a causative role for fungal tremorgens in RGS, but no direct evidence of tremorgen production in the natural habitat was obtained, nor were tremorges detected chemically in ryegrass from toxic pastures.
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Letter: Experimental production of a staggers syndrome in ruminants by a tremorgenic Penicillium from soil.
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Fungi and ryegrass staggers
TL;DR: It is possible that fungi resistant to benomyl are responsible for ryegrass staggers, and in sprayed plots the numbers of most fungus species were greatly reduced but some were increased.