An engineering scale study on radiation grafting of polymeric adsorbents for recovery of heavy metal ions from seawater
31 Oct 2009-Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Korean Nuclear Society)-Vol. 41, Iss: 8, pp 1101-1108
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme was designed and developed for investigation of the recovery of heavy metal ions such as uranium and vanadium from seawater, and the grafted polyacrylonitrile chains were chemically modified to convert acrylatitrile group into an amidoxime group, a chelating group responsible for heavy metal uptake from seawaters/brine.
About: This article is published in Nuclear Engineering and Technology.The article was published on 2009-10-31 and is currently open access. It has received 22 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Seawater & Polyacrylonitrile.
Citations
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TL;DR: This review comprehensively surveys materials developed from 2000-2016 for recovery of seawater uranium, in particular including recent developments in inorganic materials; polymer adsorbents and related research pertaining to amidoxime; and nanostructured materials such as metal-organic frameworks, porous-organic polymers, and mesoporous carbons.
Abstract: More than 1000× uranium exists in the oceans than exists in terrestrial ores. With nuclear power generation expected to increase over the coming decades, access to this unconventional reserve is a matter of energy security. With origins in the mid-1950s, materials have been developed for the selective recovery of seawater uranium for more than six decades, with a renewed interest in particular since 2010. This review comprehensively surveys materials developed from 2000–2016 for recovery of seawater uranium, in particular including recent developments in inorganic materials; polymer adsorbents and related research pertaining to amidoxime; and nanostructured materials such as metal–organic frameworks, porous-organic polymers, and mesoporous carbons. Challenges of performing reliable and reproducible uranium adsorption studies are also discussed, as well as the standardization of parameters necessary to ensure valid comparisons between different adsorbents.
566 citations
TL;DR: Uranium adsorption from seawater has been investigated for over six decades in efforts to secure uranium sources for future energy production as discussed by the authors, with the majority of the research activities focused on inorganic materials, chelating polymers, and nanomaterials.
Abstract: The recovery of uranium (U) from seawater has been investigated for over six decades in efforts to secure uranium sources for future energy production. The majority of the research activities have focused on inorganic materials, chelating polymers, and nanomaterials. Previous studies of uranium adsorption from aqueous solutions, mainly seawater, are reviewed here with a focus on various adsorbent materials, adsorption parameters, adsorption characterization, and marine studies. Continuous progress has been made over several decades, with adsorbent loadings approaching 3.2 mg U/g adsorbent in equilibrium with seawater. Further research is needed to improve first, the viability including improved capacity, selectivity, and kinetics, and second, the sorbent regeneration for multicycle use. An overview of the status of the uranium adsorption technology is provided and future research needs to make this technology commercially competitive are discussed.
383 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the current status of research on the development and applications of radiation-grafted copolymers for separation and purification purposes is presented without neglecting the seminal work that laid the foundation to today's progress.
230 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a solid phase extractant, amidoxime-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (AO-g-MWCNTs), has been synthesized using plasma techniques to selectively separate uranium from nuclear industrial effluents.
195 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed polymer-based adsorbents with high uranium adsorption capacities by grafting amidoxime onto high-surface-area polyethylene (PE) fibers.
Abstract: The ocean contains uranium with an approximate concentration of 3.34 ppb, which can serve as an incredible supply source to sustain nuclear energy in the United States. Unfortunately, technology currently available to recover uranium from seawater is not efficient enough and mining uranium on land is still more economical. We have developed polymer-based adsorbents with high uranium adsorption capacities by grafting amidoxime onto high-surface-area polyethylene (PE) fibers. Various process conditions have been screened, in combination with developing a rapid testing protocol (<24 h), to optimize the process. These adsorbents are synthesized through radiation-induced grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) and methacrylic acid (MAA) onto PE fibers, followed by the conversion of nitriles to amidoximes and basic conditioning. In addition, the uranium adsorption capacity, measured in units of gU/kgads, is greatly increased by reducing the diameter of the PE fiber or changing its morphology. An increase in the surface ...
74 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of amidoxime groups into cellulose substrate was investigated by reaction of cyano-group-containing celluloses such as cyanoethylcellulose and acrylonitrilegrafted cellulose (G-Cell) with hydroxylamine at 70°C in water medium (pH = 70).
Abstract: Introduction of amidoxime groups into cellulose substrate was investigated by reaction of cyano-group-containing celluloses such as cyanoethylcellulose (CE-Cell) and acrylonitrilegrafted cellulose (G-Cell) with hydroxylamine at 70°C in water medium (pH = 70) Dissolving pulp from softwood was used as the cellulose sample, and photografting was applied to the preparation of G-Cell, where hydrogen peroxide was used as a photoinitiator Degree of substitution (DS) of CE-Cell and percent grafting of G-Cell employed were less than 15 and 40, respectively The amidoximation of CE-Cell proceeded easily, and the amidoxime content increased with increasing the reaction time and increasing the concentration of hydroxylamine, but the amidoxime content of G-Cell decreased significantly at longer reaction time The amidoximated samples prepared by CE-Cell exhibited an ability to adsorb metal ions such as Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+, and the adsorbed amount of Cu2+ was highest among the three metal ions Moreover, the adsorption of Cu2+ varied depending on the DS of CE-Cell That is, the absorption ability was reduced when the sample was prepared using CE-Cell with higher DS The amidoximated samples prepared from G-Cell showed adsorption of Cu2+ similar to samples prepared by CE-Cell with lower DS, irrespective of percent grafting © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) by irradiating acrylonitrile solutions of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) with 60Co-γ rays.
Abstract: Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized by irradiating acrylonitrile solutions of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) with 60Co-γ rays. The conversion to insoluble IPN structure was characterized using FT-IR and thermal analysis methods. The amidoximation of polyacrylonitrile moieties of IPN was carried out in aqueous solutions of NH2OH·HCl–NaOH at 50°C. The conversion of amidoximation was followed by using FT-IR spectrophotometer and conversion of nitrile groups to amidoxime was determined as percentage. The structure of amidoximated IPN was characterized by FT-IR and thermal methods as well.
70 citations
TL;DR: Gelification entre aqueuse de polyethyleneimine and a solution THF de p-chlorosulfonylcalixarene Adsorption de UO 2 2+ sur ce gel is described in this paper.
Abstract: Gelification entre une solution aqueuse de polyethyleneimine et une solution THF de p-chlorosulfonylcalixarene Adsorption de UO 2 2+ sur ce gel
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of absorbed dose, monomer concentration and reaction time on the degree of grafting was determined and the grafted samples were verified by the FTIR-ATR spectroscopy; thermal properties were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the stimuli-responsive behavior was studied by swelling and contact angle in water as well as DSC.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of an integrated steam generator and pump system (ISGPS) is proposed from a structural point of view and the related intermediate heat transfer system (IHTS) piping layout compatible with the ISGPS is described in detail.
5 citations