An Experimental and Clinical Study
01 Jan 1966-
About: The article was published on 1966-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 391 citations till now.
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TL;DR: These guidelines (epic3) provide comprehensive recommendations for preventing HCAI in hospital and other acute care settings based on the best currently available evidence, and the synopses of evidence underpinning the guideline recommendations have been updated.
1,381 citations
TL;DR: Novel urinary catheters impregnated with nitrofurazone or minocycline and rifampin or coated with a silver alloy-hydrogel exhibit antiinfective surface activity that significantly reduces the risk of CAUTI for short-term catheterizations not exceeding 2-3 weeks.
Abstract: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common nosocomial infection. Each year, more than 1 million patients in U.S. acute-care hospitals and extended-care facilities acquire such an infection; the risk with short-term catheterization is 5% per day. CAUTI is the second most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection, and studies suggest that patients with CAUTI have an increased institutional death rate, unrelated to the development of urosepsis. Novel urinary catheters impregnated with nitrofurazone or minocycline and rifampin or coated with a silver alloy-hydrogel exhibit antiinfective surface activity that significantly reduces the risk of CAUTI for short-term catheterizations not exceeding 2-3 weeks.
728 citations
TL;DR: It is well established that damaged articular cartilage has a very limited potential for healing, and articular defects larger than two to four millimeters in diameter rarely heal even with such advances as the use of continuous passive motion.
Abstract: It is well established that damaged articular cartilage has a very limited potential for healing, and articular defects larger than two to four millimeters in diameter rarely heal even with such advances as the use of continuous passive motion26,36,70,98,101,128,130,138,162,163,208. Damage to articular cartilage is a common problem: in one study, it was associated with 16 percent (twenty-one) of 132 injuries of the knee that were sufficient to cause intra-articular bleeding88. Furthermore, damage to a joint surface can lead to premature arthritis128. Twyman et al. prospectively followed twenty-two knees in which osteochondritis dissecans had been diagnosed before skeletal maturity; at an average of thirty-four years, 32 percent had radiographic evidence of moderate or severe osteoarthritis235. Only 50 percent had a good or excellent functional result.
Elderly patients (those who are sixty-five years of age or older) who have an arthritic condition can obtain dramatic relief from pain and restoration of function after total joint replacement. However, such procedures have higher rates of failure in young and early-middle-aged patients (those who are less than forty years old and those who are forty to sixty years old, respectively) than in elderly patients194. This leaves a large group of patients spanning a broad age-group, many of whom are in their prime, for whom there is no currently acceptable and reliable treatment. A typical example is that of a young, healthy individual who has arthrosis or osteochondritis dissecans following an injury to a joint. It might be possible to solve this patient's problems if the lost or damaged segment of articular cartilage inside the involved joint could be regenerated. After it had been restored, the …
615 citations
TL;DR: A battery-free implantable pressure sensor made entirely of biodegradable materials and based on fringe-field capacitor technology can wirelessly measure arterial blood flow in live rats and may be advantageous in real-time post-operative monitoring of blood flow after reconstructive surgery.
Abstract: The ability to monitor blood flow is critical to patient recovery and patient outcomes after complex reconstructive surgeries. Clinically available wired implantable monitoring technology requires careful fixation for accurate detection and needs to be removed after use. Here, we report the design of a pressure sensor, made entirely of biodegradable materials and based on fringe-field capacitor technology, for measuring arterial blood flow in both contact and non-contact modes. The sensor is operated wirelessly through inductive coupling, has minimal hysteresis, fast response times, excellent cycling stability, is highly robust, allows for easy mounting and eliminates the need for removal, thus reducing the risk of vessel trauma. We demonstrate the operation of the sensor with a custom-made artificial artery model and in vivo in rats. This technology may be advantageous in real-time post-operative monitoring of blood flow after reconstructive surgery.
495 citations
TL;DR: Given the clinical and economic burden of urinary catheter-related infection, infection control professionals and hospital epidemiologists should use the latest infection control principles and technology to reduce this common complication.
488 citations
References
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TL;DR: During the past decade numerous reports have appeared attesting to the value of this procedure in obliterative vascular sclerosis and reflecting a more hopeful outlook in therapy.
Abstract: In terms of incidence and morbidity arteriosclerosis constitutes the most important form of peripheral vascular disease and consequently deserves the most serious consideration. However, until relatively recently the prevailing attitude characterizing the therapeutic approach to this problem was almost fatalistic. Among the more important factors which have contributed to this point of view are the concept that arteriosclerosis is an inevitable consequence of aging, and therefore an irreversible process, and the general belief that sympathectomy was indicated only in peripheral vascular disturbances characterized by vasospastic phenomena with little or no organic component. With the encouraging results which followed the cautious extension of this procedure in selected cases of this disease greater interest was aroused in the potential benefits of this form of therapy. During the past decade numerous reports have appeared attesting to the value of this procedure in obliterative vascular sclerosis and reflecting a more hopeful outlook in therapy.
66 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the reliability of the technique on normal subjects under the various conditions likely to be met in clinical work is decided.
Abstract: THE ease with which the iris can be observed, combined with the long course of the nervous pathways, accounts, in great measure, for the extensive literature on pupillary reflexes. 1Much of this work has been undertaken by clinicians seeking guidance in diagnosis. Yet, in most present-day investigations, use is made of complex apparatus which is far from suitable for use in routine clinical examination. It was therefore with some interest that we noted that Sterni (1944) had briefly described a simple technique for investigatinig pupillary activity. If a slit-lamp is adjusted so thcat the vertical image of the slit falls on the edge of the iris and just overflows into the eve and on to the retina, the pupil becomes smialler after a short latent period. As a result, the beam of light is partly or completely cut off from the retina, and the pupil then enlarges to near its previous size. The retina, being re-exposed to light by. this dilatationi, again initiates a reflex contraction of the iris, and the cycle of events is repeated. In this way it is possible to set up sustained, and easily observed, oscillations of the iris. As a result of these oscillations the retina receives a series of light stimuli whose frequency and duration is dictated by the behaviour of the iris. The frequency and duration of the oscillations depend on: (1) the latent period of conitraction of the iris; (2) the duration of the contraction; (8) the latent period of dilatation of the iris; (4) the duration of the dilatation. The frequency of the oscillations is such that the latent period of contraction must encroach on the dilatation phase, and the latent period of dilatation must encroach on the contraction phase. Loewenstein and Friedman (1942), and Loewenstein and Schoenberg (1944), using pupillography in the examination of early unilateral glaucoma and neuro-syphilis, observed, in consecutive pupillary contractions, a prolongation of one or more of the above periods in all except in the first few successive contractions of a series. Such a change, if it is sustained, should be interpreted also, and more simply, as a chanige in the frequency of induced pupillary oscillations. As a preliminary to a clinical investigation it w%vas therefore decided to assess the reliability of the technique on normal subjects under the various conditions likely to be met in clinical work.
28 citations
Journal Article•
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