An holistic approach to fish stock identification
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review different approaches used in identifying and classifying stocks and advocate that an holistic approach (e.g., involving a broad spectrum of complementary techniques) be used in future stock identification studies.
About: This article is published in Fisheries Research.The article was published on 1999-10-01. It has received 542 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Fish stock & Stock (geology).
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TL;DR: Examples in which anisakid nematodes recognized genetically at the species level in definitive and intermediate/paratenic hosts from various geographical areas of the Boreal and Austral regions and their infection levels have been used as biological indicators of fish stocks and food-web integrity in areas at high versus low levels of habitat disturbance are presented.
Abstract: The application of molecular systematics to the anisakid nematodes of the genera Anisakis, Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum, parasites of aquatic organisms, over the last two decades, has advanced the understanding of their systematics, taxonomy, ecology and phylogeny substantially Here the results of this effort on this group of species from the early genetic works to the current status of their revised taxonomy, ecology and evolutionary aspects are reviewed for each of three parasitic groups It has been shown that many anisakid morphospecies of Anisakis, Contracaecum and Pseudoterranova include a certain number of sibling species Molecular genetic markers provided a rapid, precise means to screen and identify several species that serve as definitive and intermediate and or/paratenic hosts of the so far genetically characterized species Patterns of differential distribution of anisakid nematodes in various definitive and intermediate hosts are presented Differences in the life history of related species can be due both to differential host-parasite co-adaptation and co-evolution, and/or to interspecific competition, that can reduce the range of potential hosts in sympatric conditions Phylogenetic hypotheses attempted for anisakid nematodes and the possible evolutionary scenarios that have been proposed inferred from molecular data, also with respect to the phylogeny of their hosts are presented for the parasite-host associations Anisakis-cetaceans and Contracaecum-pinnipeds, showing that codivergence and host-switching events could have accompanied the evolution of these groups of parasites Finally, examples in which anisakid nematodes recognized genetically at the species level in definitive and intermediate/paratenic hosts from various geographical areas of the Boreal and Austral regions and their infection levels have been used as biological indicators of fish stocks and food-web integrity in areas at high versus low levels of habitat disturbance (pollution, overfishing, by-catch) are presented
402 citations
TL;DR: The effects of sex, stock, and environment on the shape of known-age Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths from the Faroe Islands were investigated and there were no consistent differences between the left and right Otoliths and between sexes within different age classes, stocks, and environments.
Abstract: The effects of sex, stock, and environment on the shape of known-age Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths from the Faroe Islands were investigated. Moreover, the feasibility of otolith shape analys...
293 citations
Cites background from "An holistic approach to fish stock ..."
...Nevertheless, otolith morphometrics have been shown to provide a phenotypic basis for stock separation that is a crucial step in fisheries management (Begg and Waldman 1999)....
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...The concept of stock is a useful taxonomic grouping that is considered crucial for the purposes of management of fisheries resources (Begg and Waldman 1999). Larkin (1972) considered a stock to be a production or management unit where the stock concept describes the characteristics of the units assumed homogeneous for management objectives (Begg and Waldman 1999)....
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...The concept of stock is a useful taxonomic grouping that is considered crucial for the purposes of management of fisheries resources (Begg and Waldman 1999)....
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...Larkin (1972) considered a stock to be a production or management unit where the stock concept describes the characteristics of the units assumed homogeneous for management objectives (Begg and Waldman 1999)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated Clark's (Clark, J.,1968) contingent hypothesis of intrapopulation migratory groups and observed three spatially discrete cohorts of Hudson River striped bass (Morone saxatilis).
291 citations
Cites background from "An holistic approach to fish stock ..."
...However, even with sophistication in stock separation techniques, confusion in term usage persists (Table 2; see also Begg and Waldman, 1999)....
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TL;DR: The main obstacle currently limiting the application of otolith elemental microchemistry to infer movements of marine fishes appears to lie in the largely homogeneous distribution of those elements most reliably measured in the otolith.
Abstract: Otolith microchemistry can provide valuable information about stock structure and mixing patterns when the magnitude of environmental differences among areas is greater than the cumulative influence of any vital effects. Here, the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing element incorporation into the otolith is reviewed. Hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) theory is employed to explore the differences in chemical behaviours, distributions and affinities between elements. Hard acid cations (e.g. Mg2+, Li+ and Ba2+) tend to be less physiologically influenced and accepted more readily into the otolith crystal lattice but are relatively homogeneous in seawater. Soft acid cations (e.g. Zn2+ and Cu2+) on the other hand, exhibit more varied distributions in seawater, but are more likely to be bound to blood proteins and less available for uptake into the otolith. The factors influencing the geographical distribution of elements in the sea, and their incorporation into the otoliths of marine fishes are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on examining physiological processes, including gonad development, on the uptake of elements commonly used in population studies, notably Sr. Finally, case studies are presented that either directly or indirectly compare population structuring or movements inferred by otolith elemental fingerprints with the patterns indicated by additional, alternative proxies. The main obstacle currently limiting the application of otolith elemental microchemistry to infer movements of marine fishes appears to lie in the largely homogeneous distribution of those elements most reliably measured in the otolith. Evolving technologies will improve the discriminatory power of otolith chemistry by allowing measurement of spatially explicit, low level elements; however, for the time being, the combination of otolith minor and trace element fingerprints with alternative proxies and stable isotopic ratios can greatly extend the scope of migration studies. Among the otolith elements that routinely occur above instrument detection limits, Ba, Mn and Li were deemed the most likely to prove reliable geographic markers in marine species.
213 citations
Cites background or methods from "An holistic approach to fish stock ..."
...Combining otolith trace element profiles with other geolocation tools such as archival-tag data and genetics (Begg & Waldman, 1999; Fromentin et al., 2009) will support and greatly extend the overall utility of otolith chemistry for retrospectively describing migrations and mixing patterns of fully…...
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...…of ontogenetic fish movements, a toolbox approach is required, where a range of independent techniques providing information at specific spatial and temporal scales can be used to understand connectivity across life-history stages (Begg & Waldman, 1999; Fromentin et al., 2009; Kaplan et al., 2010)....
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...As discussed by Begg & Waldman (1999), a more holistic approach to stock identification instils greater confidence in the results, but also provides support for (or challenges to) the spatial distributions implied by each marker....
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TL;DR: It is shown that both genetic and envi- ronmental influences play a substantial role in determining the shape of the otolith, while environment induces an overall change in otolith shape, genetically induced changes locally affect otolithshape.
Abstract: Otolith morphometrics have been shown to provide a practical basis for stock discrimi- nation and subsequent fisheries management. However, the determinants of otolith shape are not fully understood and analysis does not distinguish between genotype and environmentally induced differences. In this context, understanding how those 2 components act synergetically on the otolith shape is fundamental. The use of non-indigenous fish of multiple origins provides an interesting tool for evaluating the relative importance of genetic and environmental components in determining otolith shape. This paper investigates to what extent a dual regulation (i.e. genetic and environmen- tal) of the otolith shape from an introduced coral reef snapper (Lutjanus kasmira) exists, in order to determine how each component specifically acts on otolith morphology. Using geometric morpho- metrics, we discriminated between native and introduced range as well as between individuals belonging to different lineages (i.e. origins) but growing under the same environmental conditions (individuals cohabiting within the same shoals in the wild). Here we show that both genetic and envi- ronmental influences play a substantial role in determining the shape of the otolith. More specifically, while environment induces an overall change in otolith shape, genetically induced changes locally affect otolith shape. In addition, data suggest that both nuclear and mitochondrial components act synergetically. This information is fundamental if otolith shape is to be used as an effective tool for management of fisheries resources in the future.
197 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of stock assessment in fisheries management is discussed and a stock assessment and management work is performed in order to estimate the stock of fishes in a fishery.
Abstract: I Introduction.- 1 Role of Stock Assessment in Fisheries Management.- 2 Objectives of Fisheries Management.- II Behavior of Fisheries.- 3 Behavior of Exploited Populations.- 4 The Dynamics of Fishing Fleets.- III Estimation of Parameters.- 5 Observing Fish Populations.- 6 Relating Models to Data: Parameter Estimation.- 7 Stock and Recruitment.- 8 Biomass Dynamic Models.- 9 Delay Difference Models.- 10 Virtual Population Analysis.- 11 Statistical Catch-at-age Methods.- 12 Depletion Estimates of Population Size and Turnover.- 13 Analysis of Body-size and Growth Data.- 14 Multispecies Analysis.- IV Managing Fisheries.- 15 Harvest Strategies and Tactics.- 16 Optimization.- 17 Designing Adaptive Management Policies.- 18 Making Stock Assessment and Management Work.- Author Index.
3,809 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Quantitative fisheries stock assessment as mentioned in this paper, Quantitative fishery stock assessment: Quantitative fishes stock assessment, Quantitative fish stock assessment and stock assessment in the field of fishery management.
Abstract: Quantitative fisheries stock assessment : , Quantitative fisheries stock assessment : , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
1,581 citations
TL;DR: Various population parameters and physiological, behavioral, morphometric, meristic, calcareous, biochemical, and cytogenetic characters have been used to identify fish stocks and each character set and the associated methodology relates to specific aspects of the stock definition.
Abstract: Various population parameters and physiological, behavioral, morphometric, meristic, calcareous, biochemical, and cytogenetic characters have been used to identify fish stocks. We define a stock as...
510 citations
TL;DR: There were highly significant differences in otolith shape among most of the cod samples, but shape also differed among ages, sexes, and year-classes, indicating that growth rate contributes more variation to regional differen...
Abstract: Otolith shape has long been known to be species specific, but recent reports have pointed to its value as an indicator of stock identity. To test this hypothesis, all three pairs of otoliths were s...
483 citations