An immersed-boundary finite-volume method for simulations of flow in complex geometries
01 Jul 2001-Journal of Computational Physics (Academic Press Professional, Inc.)-Vol. 171, Iss: 1, pp 132-150
TL;DR: In this paper, a new immersed-boundary method for simulating flows over or inside complex geometries is developed by introducing a mass source/sink as well as a momentum forcing.
About: This article is published in Journal of Computational Physics.The article was published on 2001-07-01. It has received 1090 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Immersed boundary method & Mixed boundary condition.
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TL;DR: The term immersed boundary (IB) method is used to encompass all such methods that simulate viscous flows with immersed (or embedded) boundaries on grids that do not conform to the shape of these boundaries.
Abstract: The term “immersed boundary method” was first used in reference to a method developed by Peskin (1972) to simulate cardiac mechanics and associated blood flow. The distinguishing feature of this method was that the entire simulation was carried out on a Cartesian grid, which did not conform to the geometry of the heart, and a novel procedure was formulated for imposing the effect of the immersed boundary (IB) on the flow. Since Peskin introduced this method, numerous modifications and refinements have been proposed and a number of variants of this approach now exist. In addition, there is another class of methods, usually referred to as “Cartesian grid methods,” which were originally developed for simulating inviscid flows with complex embedded solid boundaries on Cartesian grids (Berger & Aftosmis 1998, Clarke et al. 1986, Zeeuw & Powell 1991). These methods have been extended to simulate unsteady viscous flows (Udaykumar et al. 1996, Ye et al. 1999) and thus have capabilities similar to those of IB methods. In this review, we use the term immersed boundary (IB) method to encompass all such methods that simulate viscous flows with immersed (or embedded) boundaries on grids that do not conform to the shape of these boundaries. Furthermore, this review focuses mainly on IB methods for flows with immersed solid boundaries. Application of these and related methods to problems with liquid-liquid and liquid-gas boundaries was covered in previous reviews by Anderson et al. (1998) and Scardovelli & Zaleski (1999). Consider the simulation of flow past a solid body shown in Figure 1a. The conventional approach to this would employ structured or unstructured grids that conform to the body. Generating these grids proceeds in two sequential steps. First, a surface grid covering the boundaries b is generated. This is then used as a boundary condition to generate a grid in the volume f occupied by the fluid. If a finite-difference method is employed on a structured grid, then the differential form of the governing equations is transformed to a curvilinear coordinate system aligned with the grid lines (Ferziger & Peric 1996). Because the grid conforms to the surface of the body, the transformed equations can then be discretized in the
3,184 citations
Cites methods from "An immersed-boundary finite-volume ..."
...The IB method was implemented in a cylindrical coordinate system, and momentum forcing and mass sources/sinks were introduced inside the IB to satisfy the no-slip condition on the sphere surface and continuity for the cell containing the IB, respectively (Kim et al. 2001)....
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TL;DR: In this article, an improved method for computing incompressible viscous flow around suspended rigid particles using a fixed and uniform computational grid is presented. But the main idea is to incorporate Peskin's regularized delta function approach into a direct formulation of the fluid-solid interaction force in order to allow for a smooth transfer between Eulerian and Lagrangian representations.
1,399 citations
Cites background or methods from "An immersed-boundary finite-volume ..."
...[5] and the discussion on methods for determining drag/lift forces in [12])....
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...[5] use grid nodes which are located inside the immersed object and adjacent to its interface, evaluating the desired velocity u by means of a linear interpolation procedure....
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...[5] later proposed an explicit variant of the above direct forcing method which allows to maintain the original simple matrix structure of a standard finite-difference method....
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...In both references [16, 5] the objective was the efficient computation of flow in complex domains....
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...Indeed, in recent years much effort has been devoted to the design of a feasible method for DNS of the motion of rigid particles immersed in an incompressible fluid [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]....
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TL;DR: A sharp interface immersed boundary method for simulating incompressible viscous flow past three-dimensional immersed bodies is described, with special emphasis on the immersed boundary treatment for stationary and moving boundaries.
1,013 citations
01 Nov 2002
TL;DR: An efficient ghost-cell immersed boundary method (GCIBM) for simulating turbulent flows in complex geometries is presented in this paper, where a boundary condition is enforced through a ghost cell method.
Abstract: An efficient ghost-cell immersed boundary method (GCIBM) for simulating turbulent flows in complex geometries is presented. A boundary condition is enforced through a ghost cell method. The reconstruction procedure allows systematic development of numerical schemes for treating the immersed boundary while preserving the overall second-order accuracy of the base solver. Both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions can be treated. The current ghost cell treatment is both suitable for staggered and non-staggered Cartesian grids. The accuracy of the current method is validated using flow past a circular cylinder and large eddy simulation of turbulent flow over a wavy surface. Numerical results are compared with experimental data and boundary-fitted grid results. The method is further extended to an existing ocean model (MITGCM) to simulate geophysical flow over a three-dimensional bump. The method is easily implemented as evidenced by our use of several existing codes.
740 citations
Cites methods from "An immersed-boundary finite-volume ..."
...[22] developed an immersed boundary method that uses both momentum forcing and mass sources/sinks....
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TL;DR: An efficient ghost-cell immersed boundary method (GCIBM) for simulating turbulent flows in complex geometries is presented in this article, where a boundary condition is enforced through a ghost cell method.
674 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a definition of vortex in an incompressible flow in terms of the eigenvalues of the symmetric tensor, which captures the pressure minimum in a plane perpendicular to the vortex axis at high Reynolds numbers, and also accurately defines vortex cores at low Reynolds numbers.
Abstract: Considerable confusion surrounds the longstanding question of what constitutes a vortex, especially in a turbulent flow. This question, frequently misunderstood as academic, has recently acquired particular significance since coherent structures (CS) in turbulent flows are now commonly regarded as vortices. An objective definition of a vortex should permit the use of vortex dynamics concepts to educe CS, to explain formation and evolutionary dynamics of CS, to explore the role of CS in turbulence phenomena, and to develop viable turbulence models and control strategies for turbulence phenomena. We propose a definition of a vortex in an incompressible flow in terms of the eigenvalues of the symmetric tensor ${\bm {\cal S}}^2 + {\bm \Omega}^2$ are respectively the symmetric and antisymmetric parts of the velocity gradient tensor ${\bm \Delta}{\bm u}$. This definition captures the pressure minimum in a plane perpendicular to the vortex axis at high Reynolds numbers, and also accurately defines vortex cores at low Reynolds numbers, unlike a pressure-minimum criterion. We compare our definition with prior schemes/definitions using exact and numerical solutions of the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations for a variety of laminar and turbulent flows. In contrast to definitions based on the positive second invariant of ${\bm \Delta}{\bm u}$ or the complex eigenvalues of ${\bm \Delta}{\bm u}$, our definition accurately identifies the vortex core in flows where the vortex geometry is intuitively clear.
5,837 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical method for computing three-dimensional, time-dependent incompressible flows is presented based on a fractional-step, or time-splitting, scheme in conjunction with the approximate-factorization technique.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a second-order accurate, highly efficient method is developed for simulating unsteady three-dimensional incompressible flows in complex geometries, which is achieved by using boundary body forces that allow the imposition of the boundary conditions on a given surface not coinciding with the computational grid.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the Navier-Stokes equations permit the presence of an externally imposed body force that may vary in space and time, and the velocity is used to iteratively determine the desired value.
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TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the Strouhal discontinuity is not due to any of the previously proposed mechanisms, but instead is caused by a transition from one oblique shedding mode to another oblique mode.
Abstract: Two fundamental characteristics of the low-Reynolds-number cylinder wake, which have involved considerable debate, are first the existence of discontinuities in the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship, and secondly the phenomenon of oblique vortex shedding. The present paper shows that both of these characteristics of the wake are directly related to each other, and that both are influenced by the boundary conditions at the ends of the cylinder, even for spans of hundreds of diameters in length. It is found that a Strouhal discontinuity exists, which is not due to any of the previously proposed mechanisms, but instead is caused by a transition from one oblique shedding mode to another oblique mode. This transition is explained by a change from one mode where the central flow over the span matches the end boundary conditions to one where the central flow is unable to match the end conditions. In the latter case, quasi-periodic spectra of the velocity fluctuations appear; these are due to the presence of spanwise cells of different frequency. During periods when vortices in neighbouring cells move out of phase with each other, ‘vortex dislocations’ are observed, and are associated with rather complex vortex linking between the cells. However, by manipulating the end boundary conditions, parallel shedding can be induced, which then results in a completely continuous Strouhal curve. It is also universal in the sense that the oblique-shedding Strouhal data (S_θ) can be collapsed onto the parallel-shedding Strouhal curve (S_0) by the transformation, S_0 = S_θ/cosθ, where θ is the angle of oblique shedding. Close agreement between measurements in two distinctly different facilities confirms the continuous and universal nature of this Strouhal curve. It is believed that the case of parallel shedding represents truly two-dimensional shedding, and a comparison of Strouhal frequency data is made with several two-dimensional numerical simulations, yielding a large disparity which is not clearly understood. The oblique and parallel modes of vortex shedding are both intrinsic to the flow over a cylinder, and are simply solutions to different problems, because the boundary conditions are different in each case.
976 citations