An integrated water balance model for assessing water scarcity in a data-sparse interfluve in eastern India
07 Sep 2015-Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 60, Iss: 10, pp 1813-1827
TL;DR: In this paper, the balance of water demand versus water resource availability in an interfluve of West Bengal, India to support water resource planning, particularly of inter-basin transfers, was measured.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to measure the balance of water demand versus water resource availability in an interfluve of West Bengal, India to support water resource planning, particularly of inter-basin transfers. Surface water availability was modelled using the US Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) approach, whilst groundwater availability was modelled based on water-level fluctuations and the rainfall infiltration method. Water use was modelled separately for the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors using a predominantly normative approach and water use to availability ratios calculated for different administrative areas within the interfluve. Overall, the approach suggested that the interfluve receives 327 × 106 m3 year-1 of excess water after satisfying these sectoral demands, but that the eastern part of the study area is in deficit. However, a sensitivity analysis carried on the approach to several assumptions in the model suggested changed circumstances would pr...
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TL;DR: In this article, the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (CN) method is used to estimate the effects of forest fires on hydrological response, but despite recent efforts, CN values are still not w...
Abstract: The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (CN) method is routinely used to estimate the effects of forest fires on hydrological response. However, despite recent efforts, CN values are still not w...
43 citations
Cites background from "An integrated water balance model f..."
...…easy to obtain andwell-documented environmental inputs, and it accounts for many of the factors affecting runoff generation, incorporating them in a single CN parameter (Steenhuis et al. 1995, Soulis et al. 2009, 2017, Van Dijk 2010, Santra Mitra et al. 2015, Rezaei-Sadr 2017, Verma et al. 2017)....
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...It is considered one of the most popular and widely used techniques in many hydrological applications, such as flood design andwater balance calculationmodels, because it is a very simple but well-established method, it features easy to obtain andwell-documented environmental inputs, and it accounts for many of the factors affecting runoff generation, incorporating them in a single CN parameter (Steenhuis et al. 1995, Soulis et al. 2009, 2017, Van Dijk 2010, Santra Mitra et al. 2015, Rezaei-Sadr 2017, Verma et al. 2017)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a comparative assessment of the impacts of urbanization and of forest fires as well as their combined effect on runoff response is investigated using earth observation and the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) direct runoff estimation method in a Mediterranean peri-urban watershed in Attica, Greece.
Abstract: In this study a comparative assessment of the impacts of urbanization and of forest fires as well as their combined effect on runoff response is investigated using earth observation and the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) direct runoff estimation method in a Mediterranean peri-urban watershed in Attica, Greece. The study area underwent a significant population increase and a rapid increase of urban land uses, especially from the 1980s to the early 2000s. The urbanization process in the studied watershed caused a considerable increase of direct runoff response. A key observation of this study is that the impact of forest fires is much more prominent in rural watersheds than in urbanized watersheds. However, the increments of runoff response are important during the postfire conditions in all cases. Generally, runoff increments due to urbanization seem to be higher than runoff increments due to forest fires affecting the associated hydrological risks. It should also be considered that the effect of urbanization is lasting, and therefore, the possibility of an intense storm to take place is higher than in the case of forest fires that have an abrupt but temporal impact on runoff response. It should be noted though that the combined effect of urbanization and forest fires results in even higher runoff responses. The SCS-CN method, proved to be a valuable tool in this study, allowing the determination of the direct runoff response for each soil, land cover and land management complex in a simple but efficient way. The analysis of the evolution of the urbanization process and the runoff response in the studied watershed may provide a better insight for the design and implementation of flood risk management plans.
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01 Jan 2009
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TL;DR: In this article, the principles governing the application of the conceptual model technique to river flow forecasting are discussed and the necessity for a systematic approach to the development and testing of the model is explained and some preliminary ideas suggested.
19,601 citations
"An integrated water balance model f..." refers methods in this paper
...The SCS-CN model performance was evaluated using two measures, namely root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE; Nash and Sutcliffe 1970, Biggs and Atkinson 2011)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1991
1,417 citations
"An integrated water balance model f..." refers methods in this paper
...Average moisture condition (CN-II) values were retrieved from a published CN table (Chow et al. 1988), based on land use/land cover and hydrologic soil group (Table 2)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, an assessment of the relative effect of climate change and population growth on future global and regional water resources stresses, using SRES socio-economic scenarios and climate projections made using six climate models driven by SRES emissions scenarios, is presented.
Abstract: In 1995, nearly 1400 million people lived in water-stressed watersheds (runoff less than 1000 m 3 /capita/year), mostly in south west Asia, the Middle East and around the Mediterranean. This paper describes an assessment of the relative effect of climate change and population growth on future global and regional water resources stresses, using SRES socio-economic scenarios and climate projections made using six climate models driven by SRES emissions scenarios. River runoff was simulated at a spatial resolution of 0.5×0.5° under current and future climates using a macro-scale hydrological model, and aggregated to the watershed scale to estimate current and future water resource availability for 1300 watersheds and small islands under the SRES population projections. The A2 storyline has the largest population, followed by B2, then A1 and B1 (which have the same population). In the absence of climate change, the future population in water-stressed watersheds depends on population scenario and by 2025 ranges from 2.9 to 3.3 billion people (36–40% of the world's population). By 2055 5.6 billion people would live in water-stressed watersheds under the A2 population future, and “only” 3.4 billion under A1/B1. Climate change increases water resources stresses in some parts of the world where runoff decreases, including around the Mediterranean, in parts of Europe, central and southern America, and southern Africa. In other water-stressed parts of the world—particularly in southern and eastern Asia—climate change increases runoff, but this may not be very beneficial in practice because the increases tend to come during the wet season and the extra water may not be available during the dry season. The broad geographic pattern of change is consistent between the six climate models, although there are differences of magnitude and direction of change in southern Asia. By the 2020s there is little clear difference in the magnitude of impact between population or emissions scenarios, but a large difference between different climate models: between 374 and 1661 million people are projected to experience an increase in water stress. By the 2050s there is still little difference between the emissions scenarios, but the different population assumptions have a clear effect. Under the A2 population between 1092 and 2761 million people have an increase in stress; under the B2 population the range is 670–1538 million, respectively. The range in estimates is due to the slightly different patterns of change projected by the different climate models. Sensitivity analysis showed that a 10% variation in the population totals under a storyline could lead to variations in the numbers of people with an increase or decrease in stress of between 15% and 20%. The impact of these changes on actual water stresses will depend on how water resources are managed in the future.
1,108 citations
"An integrated water balance model f..." refers background in this paper
...Almost one third of the global population lives under water scarcity conditions (Alcamo et al. 2003, Arnell 2004)....
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...India is considered to be water scarce (Arnell 2004), with an expanding and increasingly affluent population and agro-industrial expansion adding to demands on water resources affected by uncertain monsoon rainfall....
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...Water resources assessment is typically carried out using catchments as planning units, but sometimes also administrative boundaries (Alcamo et al. 2003, Arnell 2004)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed water scarcity indicators and global assessments based on these indicators and found that water is definitely physically scarce in densely populated arid areas, Central and West Asia, and North Africa, with projected availabilities of less than 1,000 cubic meters per capita per year.
1,107 citations
"An integrated water balance model f..." refers background in this paper
...An overall water budget at the microscale can help identify whether water scarcity is caused by limited water resources or by inappropriate use (Rijsberman 2006), with demand management being an appropriate intervention in the latter case....
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TL;DR: The conceptual and empirical foundations of the runoff curve number method are reviewed in this paper, which is a conceptual model of hydrologic abstraction of storm rainfall, and its objective is to estimate direct runoff depth from storm rainfall depth, based on a parameter referred to as the curve number.
Abstract: The conceptual and empirical foundations of the runoff curve number method are reviewed. The method is a conceptual model of hydrologic abstraction of storm rainfall. Its objective is to estimate direct runoff depth from storm rainfall depth, based on a parameter referred to as the “curve number.” The method does not take into account the spatial and temporal variability of infiltration and other abstractive losses; rather, it aggregates them into a calculation of the total depth loss for a given storm event and drainage area. The method describes average trends, which precludes it from being perfectly predictive. The observed variability in curve numbers, beyond that which can be attributed to soil type, land use/treatment, and surface condition, is embodied in the concept of antecedent condition. The method is widely used in the United States and other countries. Perceived advantages of the method are (1) its simplicity; (2) its predictability; (3) its stability; (4) its reliance on only one parameter; ...
916 citations