An interventional study of rice for reducing cadmium exposure in a Chinese industrial town
TL;DR: This study suggested that UCd reflected both short-term (<3 months) and long-term Cd exposure, and the low-Cd rice intervention showed initial benefits in lowering blood pressure levels, especially DBP, but not kidney biomarkers.
About: This article is published in Environment International.The article was published on 2019-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 21 citations till now.
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TL;DR: A number of countermeasures to address soil Cd contamination are proposed, including i) mitigation of Cd transfer from paddy soils to rice grain, and ii) intervention in those farmers who consume home-grown Cd-contaminated rice.
324 citations
TL;DR: Knowing the negative impact of Cd toxicity at the articular level can help understand the damage mechanisms it produces, leading to the development of musculoskeletal diseases.
81 citations
TL;DR: Urine Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd, Cr and V were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk at levels relevant for the general population of Spain, with Cd and Sb being the most important components of the mixture.
Abstract: Background The association of low-level exposure to metals and metal mixtures with cardiovascular incidence in the general population has rarely been studied. We flexibly evaluated the association of urinary metals and metal mixtures concentrations with cardiovascular diseases in a representative sample of a general population from Spain. Methods Urine antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were measured in 1171 adults without clinical cardiovascular diseases, who participated in the Hortega Study. Cox proportional hazard models were used for evaluating the association between single metals and cardiovascular incidence. We used a Probit extension of Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR-P) to handle metal mixtures in a survival setting. Results In single-metal models, the hazard ratios [confidence intervals (CIs)] of cardiovascular incidence, comparing the 80th to the 20th percentiles of metal distributions, were 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) for Cu, 1.43 (1.07, 1.90) for Zn, 1.51 (1.13, 2.03) for Sb, 1.46 (1.13, 1.88) for Cd, 1.64 (1.05, 2.58) for Cr and 1.31 (1.01, 1.71) for V. BKMR-P analysis was confirmatory of these findings, supporting that Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd, Cr and V are related to cardiovascular incidence in the presence of the other metals. Cd and Sb showed the highest posterior inclusion probabilities. Conclusions Urine Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd, Cr and V were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk at levels relevant for the general population of Spain. Urine metals in the mixture were also jointly associated with cardiovascular incidence, with Cd and Sb being the most important components of the mixture.
68 citations
TL;DR: Foliar application of S effectively reduced the damage of Cd stress by maintaining the integrity of cell structure and participating in metabolic activities such as protein synthesis.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide details about the toxicity of heavy metals to environmental systems and potential applications NPs to alleviate the accumulation of HMs in agricultural soils and present the mechanistic route of heavy metal toxicity alleviation in plants by NPs application as well as their long-term efficiency and future prospects.
21 citations
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TL;DR: It can be anticipated that a considerable proportion of the non-smoking adult population has urinary cadmium concentrations of 0.5 microg/g creatinine or higher in non-exposed areas, and for smokers this proportion is considerably higher, which implies no margin of safety between the point of departure and the exposure levels in the general population.
1,954 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons with other regions of the world show that the current status of soil contamination, based on the total contaminant concentrations, is not worse in China, however, the concentrations of some heavy metals in Chinese soils appear to be increasing at much greater rates.
Abstract: China faces great challenges in protecting its soil from contamination caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization over the last three decades. Recent nationwide surveys show that 16% of the soil samples, 19% for the agricultural soils, are contaminated based on China’s soil environmental quality limits, mainly with heavy metals and metalloids. Comparisons with other regions of the world show that the current status of soil contamination, based on the total contaminant concentrations, is not worse in China. However, the concentrations of some heavy metals in Chinese soils appear to be increasing at much greater rates. Exceedance of the contaminant limits in food crops is widespread in some areas, especially southern China, due to elevated inputs of contaminants, acidic nature of the soil and crop species or cultivars prone to heavy metal accumulation. Minimizing the transfer of contaminants from soil to the food chain is a top priority. A number of options are proposed, including identification of the sources of contaminants to agricultural systems, minimization of contaminant inputs, reduction of heavy metal phytoavailability in soil with liming or other immobilizing materials, selection and breeding of low accumulating crop cultivars, adoption of appropriate water and fertilizer management, bioremediation, and change of land use to grow nonfood crops. Implementation of these strategies requires not only technological advances, but also social-economic evaluation and effective enforcement of environmental protection law.
1,357 citations
TL;DR: Environmental Cd exposure may be a significant contributory factor to the development of chronic kidney disease, especially in the presence of other co-morbidities such as diabetes or hypertension; therefore, the sources and environmental impact of Cd, and efforts to limit Cd Exposure, justify more attention.
Abstract: The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is known to be a widespread environmental contaminant and a potential toxin that may adversely affect human health. Exposure is largely via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts; important non-industrial sources of exposure are cigarette smoke and food (from contaminated soil and water). The kidney is the main organ affected by chronic Cd exposure and toxicity. Cd accumulates in the kidney as a result of its preferential uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis of freely filtered and metallothionein bound Cd (Cd-MT) in the renal proximal tubule. Internalised Cd-MT is degraded in endosomes and lysosomes, releasing free Cd(2+) into the cytosol, where it can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate cell death pathways. An early and sensitive manifestation of chronic Cd renal toxicity, which can be useful in individual and population screening, is impaired reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) (also a receptor-mediated process in the proximal tubule) such as retinol binding protein (RBP). This so-called 'tubular proteinuria' is a good index of proximal tubular damage, but it is not usually detected by routine clinical dipstick testing for proteinuria. Continued and heavy Cd exposure can progress to the clinical renal Fanconi syndrome, and ultimately to renal failure. Environmental Cd exposure may be a significant contributory factor to the development of chronic kidney disease, especially in the presence of other co-morbidities such as diabetes or hypertension; therefore, the sources and environmental impact of Cd, and efforts to limit Cd exposure, justify more attention.
560 citations
"An interventional study of rice for..." refers background in this paper
...Impaired BMG and NAG levels were defined as ≥890 μg/g creatinine and ≥9.8 U/g creatinine, respectively, based on a previous study in China (Liang et al., 2012)....
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...The paired samples t-test was used to test for differences in UCd, BMG, NAG, SBP and DBP between June, September, and November 2015 and January of 2016 within the three groups....
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...The paired samples test showed no significant changes for BMG in the Int group during the intervention period....
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...Associations between the five outcome variables (UCd, NAG, BMG, DBP, and SBP) and treatment group (Control, Int, and non-Int) were analyzed using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), controlling for time since start of intervention, age, gender, diabetes, hypertension and dietary pattern with random intercept to account for within-subject correlation....
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...Index Int group non-Int group Control group Jun–Sep Sep–Nov Nov–Jan Jun–Sep Sep–Nov Nov–Jan Jun–Sep Sep–Nov Nov–Jan SBP %a −8.57 2.61 −2.77 −4.09 0.63 4.34 −6.14 7.22 −5.91 P 0.004⁎⁎ 0.115 0.44 0.10 0.67 0.04⁎ 0.01⁎ 0.17 0.42 DBP %a −6.57 0.71 0.30 −1.40 −0.99 8.34 0.63 1.99 −0.97 P 0.03⁎ 0.39 0.53 0.55 0.14 0.001⁎⁎ 0.67 0.10 0.51 BMG % a 17.87 −24.59 2.17 −1714 −11.72 14.06 −20.00 −32.04 48.19 P 0.32 0.93 0.64 0.73 0.71 0.64 0.75 0.99 0.96 NAG % a −36.25 −3.92 −9.18 −44.01 16.46 10.87 −40.12 3.00 −2.91 P 0.000⁎⁎ 0.54 0.59 0.000⁎⁎ 0.31 0.35 0.000⁎⁎ 0.70 0.73 ⁎ p 0.05....
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498 citations
TL;DR: Three factors have been identified using Principal Component Analysis at the sampling sites comprising res Suspension of road dust due to vehicular activities, solid waste incineration, and industrial emission at urban site whereas resuspension of soil dust dueto vehicular emission, construction activities and wind blown dust carrying industrial emission, were common sources at rural site.
348 citations
"An interventional study of rice for..." refers background in this paper
...5 level was much higher in the heating seasons than in the non-heating seasons, which is partially due to the lower mixing height and combustion of fossil fuels for space heating, etc. in the heating season (Kulshrestha et al., 2009)....
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