An introduction to qualitative research
18 Aug 2000-European Journal of Information Systems (Palgrave Macmillan UK)-Vol. 9, Iss: 2, pp 127-128
TL;DR: In this article, an introduction to qualitative research is presented, with an emphasis on the use of qualitative research in the context of information systems, and an overview of the methods used.
Abstract: (2000). An introduction to qualitative research. European Journal of Information Systems: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 127-128.
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TL;DR: In this article, a sample of PhD studies using qualitative approaches, and qualitative interviews as the method of data collection was taken from theses.com and contents analysed for their sample sizes.
Abstract: A number of issues can affect sample size in qualitative research; however, the guiding principle should be the concept of saturation. This has been explored in detail by a number of authors but is still hotly debated, and some say little understood. A sample of PhD studies using qualitative approaches, and qualitative interviews as the method of data collection was taken from theses.com and contents analysed for their sample sizes. Five hundred and sixty studies were identified that fitted the inclusion criteria. Results showed that the mean sample size was 31; however, the distribution was non-random, with a statistically significant proportion of studies, presenting sample sizes that were multiples of ten. These results are discussed in relation to saturation. They suggest a pre-meditated approach that is not wholly congruent with the principles of qualitative research.
3,262 citations
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The history of qualitative research in the human disciplines can be traced back to the 1970s and 1980s, when the very existence of qualitative work was at issue as mentioned in this paper, when the evidence-based research movement, with its fixed standards and guidelines for conducting and evaluating qualitative inquiry, sought total domination.
Abstract: The global community of qualitative researchers is midway between two extremes, searching for a new middle, moving in several different directions at the same time. Mixed methodologies and calls for scientifically based research, on the one side, renewed calls for social justice inquiry from the critical social science tradition on the other. In the methodological struggles of the 1970s and 1980s, the very existence of qualitative research was at issue. In the new paradigm war, “every overtly social justice-oriented approach to research . . . is threatened with de-legitimization by the government-sanctioned, exclusivist assertion of positivism . . . as the ‘gold standard’ of educational research” (Wright, 2006, pp. 799–800). The evidence-based research movement, with its fixed standards and guidelines for conducting and evaluating qualitative inquiry, sought total domination: one shoe fits all (Cannella & Lincoln, Chapter 5, this volume; Lincoln, 2010). The heart of the matter turns on issues surrounding the politics and ethics of evidence and the value of qualitative work in addressing matters of equity and social justice (Torrance, Chapter 34, this volume). In this introductory chapter, we define the field of qualitative research, then navigate, chart, and review the history of qualitative research in the human disciplines. This will allow us to locate this handbook and its contents within their historical moments. (These historical moments are somewhat artificial; they are socially constructed, quasi-historical, and overlapping conventions. Nevertheless, they permit a “performance” of developing ideas. They also facilitate an increasing sensitivity to and sophistication about the pitfalls and promises of ethnography and qualitative research.) A conceptual framework for reading the qualitative research act as a multicultural, gendered process is presented. We then provide a brief introduction to the chapters, concluding with a brief discussion of qualitative research. We will also discuss the threats to qualitative human-subject research from the methodological conservatism movement, which was noted in our Preface. As indicated there, we use the metaphor of the bridge to structure what follows. This volume provides a bridge between historical moments, politics, the decolonization project, research methods, paradigms, and communities of interpretive scholars.
3,131 citations
TL;DR: This description of qualitative content analysis offers one approach that shows how the general principles of the method can be used and four distinct main stages are described: the decontextualisation, the recontextualization, the categorization, and the compilation.
2,368 citations
Cites background from "An introduction to qualitative rese..."
...Certain activities in the field remain hidden from the view of the researcher if he/she is a stranger to the context (Flick, 2002)....
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...Nevertheless, the researcher must still decide what constitutes the themes and what conclusions can be drawn from the results (Flick, 2002; Patton, 2002)....
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01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss why quality matters, trust, truth and philosophy guiding Ideals, and convergence on a point? Accounting for Contradiction Grounding Theory Generalising from Qualitative Research Using Numbers Reliability and Replicability Reflexivity and Writing Reinstating the Author
Abstract: PART ONE: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Why Quality Matters Post Scientific Critiques Trust, Truth and Philosophy Guiding Ideals PART TWO: RESEARCH PRACTICE Converging on a Point? Accounting for Contradiction Grounding Theory Generalising from Qualitative Research Using Numbers Reliability and Replicability Reflexivity and Writing Reinstating the Author
2,207 citations
Cites background or methods from "An introduction to qualitative rese..."
...Flick (1998) argues that, used in this spirit, “Triangulation is less a strategy for validating results and procedures than an alternative to validation . . . which increases scope, depth and consistency” (p. 230)....
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...Flick (1992, 1998) completes this move toward what might be called a soft constructivist version of triangulation, deriving this from a study in which a at SAGE Publications on April 20, 2015qix.sagepub.comDownloaded from conversation analytic study of psychological counseling was complemented by…...
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Book•
01 Nov 2004
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the design of a Qualitative-Quantitative Research Study, the language and Logic of Qualitative Research, and how to collect Qualitative Data: The Science and the Art.
Abstract: List of Boxes.List of Field Perspectives.Foreword.Preface.Acknowledgments.Chapter 1: Invitation to Explore.Chapter 2: The Language and Logic of Qualitative Research.Chapter 3: Designing the Study.Chapter 4: Collecting Qualitative Data: The Science and the Art.Chapter 5: Logistics in the Field.Chapter 6: Qualitative Data Analysis.Chapter 7: Putting It into Words: Reporting Qualitative Research Results.Chapter 8: Disseminating Qualitative Research.Appendix 1: Samples of Behavioral Frameworks.Appendix 2: Examples of Oral Consent Forms.Appendix 3: Example of a Qualitative-Quantitative Research Design.Appendix 4: Procedural Guidelines for Managing Focus Group Discussions.Appendix 5: Sample Budget Categories for Planning Focus Group Discussions.Appendix 6: Topic Guides for Focus Group Discussions on Reproductive Health.Appendix 7: Sample Interviewer Training Program Agenda.Appendix 8: Common Errors in Moderating Focus Groups.Appendix 9: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP): Ten Questions to Help You Make Sense of Qualitative Research.Appendix 10: Where to Publish.Appendix 11: Sample Research Brief on the Female Condom.Appendix 12: Who Is an Author?Appendix 13: Sample Brochure to Share Qualitative Study Findings with Participating Communities.Appendix 14: Making Study Findings Accessible to Other Researchers.Suggested Readings and Selected Internet Resources.References.The Authors.The Contributors.Index.
1,620 citations