An investigation of structural, electrical and optical properties of lead-free barium zirconium titanate (BZT)-based ceramic compounds
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate improved electrical and optical properties of barium zirconium titanate ceramic modified by the addition of Europium, i.e. Ba(1-x)Eu2x/3Zr0.05Ti0.95O3 (x = 0.
Abstract: The present work is a demonstration of improved electrical and optical properties of barium zirconium titanate ceramic modified by the addition of Europium, i.e. Ba(1–x)Eu2x/3Zr0.05Ti0.95O3 (x = 0....
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this article , the additive manufacturing of functional polymer nanocomposites, which offer compliant structures with flexible manufacturing processes with high strength, low cost, and long-term stability, is investigated.
Abstract: The latest developments in smart systems for improved human lives with advanced biomedical devices have evolved out of multi-disciplinary scientific studies, including medicine, biology, material sciences, design, manufacturing, artificial intelligence, microelectronics, and so forth. The growth of such intelligent systems is primarily possible with innovative materials, which demonstrate the response to various external stimuli like temperature, heat, moisture, light, electromagnetic field, and chemical alteration. Such materials have been recently fabricated using different additive manufacturing techniques to devise personalized unique, complex, and novel structures that can adjust to external conditions over time and are specifically attributed to 4D printing. Novel materials that can further improve such systems continued to be explored and employed. This review paper investigates the additive manufacturing of functional polymer nanocomposites, which offer compliant structures with flexible manufacturing processes with high strength, low cost, and long-term stability. This study aims to deliver a comprehensive and deep understanding of the latest developments in materials, design, manufacturing, fundamental mechanisms involved, and future possibilities in this area of research.
20 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reexamined the barrier-layer model to explain the anomalous increase in resistivity that occurs in doped BaTiO3 in the light of data obtained from more recent experiments.
Abstract: The barrier-layer model previously proposed to explain the anomalous increase in resistivity that occurs in doped BaTiO3 has been reexamined in the light of data obtained from more recent experiments. The picture thus obtained describes correctly and quantitatively the resistivity anomaly and the frequency and voltage dependence of the resistivity in the entire temperature range investigated (-180° to +200°C). The activation energy of the donors and of the surface states as well as the density of states in BaTiO3 were determined and are in close agreement with other investigations. Comments are made regarding the uncertainty of the nature of the surface states.
607 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ferroelectric Curie point theory was extended with a ferro-electric effect to the case of semiconducting BaTiO 3 and showed an enormous increase in resistivity above the Curie points.
Abstract: Semiconducting BaTiO 3 can be prepared by substituting small amounts of ions of higher valency for Ba or Ti ions. At higher concentrations the foreign ions are compensated by metal ion vacancies. Polycrystalline samples prepared in air show an enormous increase in resistivity above the ferro-electric Curie point. According to Heywang this is a result of surface barriers which are very sensitive to the value of dielectric constant. This theory is extended with a ferro-electric effect.
577 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity of BZT ceramics has been investigated and it is shown that the phase transition temperature TC (or Tm) is suppressed with increasing Zr content.
426 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the polarization and strain behavior of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 (x=0-03) ceramics are studied and the unipolar strain levels of ∼018% at 40 kV/cm and of ∼025% at ∼120 kv/cm with small hysteresis were obtained for the poramics with 003−xx⩽008.
Abstract: The polarization and strain behavior of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 (x=0–03) ceramics are studied The unipolar strain levels of ∼018% at 40 kV/cm and of ∼025% at ∼120 kV/cm with small hysteresis were obtained for the ceramics with 003⩽x⩽008 The remnant polarization is ∼13–18 μC/cm2 for 003⩽x⩽008 and below 2 μC/cm2 for 015⩽x⩽03 at room temperature The electromechanical coupling coefficient K33=565% and the piezoelectric stain coefficient d33=236 pC/N were obtained for the ceramics with x=005 These results indicated that the Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 system is a promising lead-free high strain material for applications
397 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the successful growth of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 (x=0.05-0.2) single-crystal fibers by the laser-heated pedestal growth technique.
Abstract: In this article, we report the successful growth of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 (x=0.05–0.2) single-crystal fibers by the laser-heated pedestal growth technique. A single-phase perovskite structure of the materials has been identified by the x-ray diffraction technique. The phase diagram for Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 single crystals is established for x⩽0.2. Dielectric properties as function of temperature and frequency and room-temperature hysteresis loops are measured. The remnant polarization (Pr) and coercive fields (Ec) are obtained and compared for both single crystals and ceramics. The small dielectric relaxation has been observed for the lower-temperature phase transition (around 40 °C at 1 kHz) of the sample with x=0.08. The relaxation times follow the Arrhenius law with τ0=0.4×10−13 s and Erelax=0.53 eV. A common feature of the low-temperature relaxation mode in the sample is also observed, which follows the Arrhenius law with the τ0=0.8×10−10 s and Erelax=0.46 eV.
255 citations