An investigation on CI engine characteristics using pork lard methyl ester at various injection pressures and injection timings
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored pork lard methyl ester (PLME) produced from lard and showed that PLME can be used to generate electricity. But, the power requirements of exponential growth in population and accompanying surges in energy demands have created huge power requirements.
Abstract: In recent years, exponential growth in population and accompanying surges in energy demands have created huge power requirements. This study explores pork lard methyl ester (PLME) produced ...
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of substituting 10% vol. of 1-decanol in place of waste LDPE oil in D70L30 blend, under the influence of three injection pressures (400, 500, and 600) and three EGR rates (0, 10, and 20%) on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a CRDi engine at its rated power output.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal operating parameters of an SI engine fueled with pure ethanol and methanol as an alternative fuel in terms of performance, emission and combustion characteristics were determined with a multi-criteria decision-making method.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of late injection timings and EGR rates on combustion, performance and emission characteristics were evaluated in a single cylinder diesel engine that utilizes oil extracted from waste HDPE which was blended with diesel at 30% by vol (called as D70H30 blend).
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of increasing anisole fraction in the biodiesel extracted from waste cooking oil in a diesel engine was investigated, and the results were compared with baseline diesel and biodiesel operation.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article , Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used as an antioxidant doping with waste pork fat biodiesel-diesel blend to improve the ignition process and reduce the engine exhaust emissions in a research CRDI diesel engine.
Abstract: This work utilized the conventional transesterification process to convert waste pork fat into pork fat biodiesel. The produced biodiesel was meant to serve as a diesel fuel substitution for common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engines. Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) as an antioxidant doping with waste pork fat biodiesel-diesel blend has not been analyzed in CRDI diesel engines. Therefore, to improve the ignition process and reduce the engine exhaust emissions in a research CRDI diesel engine, the BHT was employed to combine with diesel-biodiesel mixtures in this work. BHT antioxidants are partially mixed (BHT 50, 100, and 150 ppm) to improve the physicochemical qualities of test fuel and enhance the combustion process of diesel-biodiesel blends (B20). The antioxidant purity was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer spectrograph was utilized to study the biodiesel chemical components. After mixing the BHT, the overall phase of the base fuel remained constant. The experiment outcomes revealed that the biodiesel had higher cylinder pressure than the other test fuels, and the BHT100 ppm blend had a higher heat release rate (HRR). B20BHT100 blend shows 3.98% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at full load operation than pure biodiesel but lowered to diesel fuel. Biodiesel (B100) decreases the smoke opacity by 4.5% compared to diesel fuel. BHT has been incorporated into the biodiesel blend to minimize oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions at all loads. The B20BHT150 blend decreased NOx emissions by 5.06% more than diesel fuel at maximum load. Compared to pure biodiesel, the B20 blends reduce carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 7.1% and hydrocarbon emission (HC) by 12.5%. This research found that adding BHT to biodiesel blends lowers NOx emissions with a slight impact on performance.
8 citations
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TL;DR: The acid-catalyzed process using waste cooking oil proved to be technically feasible with less complexity than the alkali-catalystzed process, thereby making it a competitive alternative to commercial biodiesel production by the alkaline-catalyszed process.
1,719 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-step esterification method was developed to produce biodiesel from high FFA vegetable oils, which consists of acid-catalyzed pretreatment followed by an alkaline-caralyzed transesterification.
746 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight some of the perspectives for the biodiesel industry to thrive as an alternative fuel, while discussing benefits and limitations of biodiesel, including the improvement of the conversion technology to achieve a sustainable process at cheaper cost, environmentally benign and cleaner emissions, diversification of products derived from glycerol.
Abstract: The present global economy downturn affects every corner of the world including the vehicular fuel industry. This paper highlights some of the perspectives for the biodiesel industry to thrive as an alternative fuel, while discussing benefits and limitations of biodiesel. This includes the improvement of the conversion technology to achieve a sustainable process at cheaper cost, environmentally benign and cleaner emissions, diversification of products derived from glycerol, and policy and government incentives. More specifically, an overview is given on making the production process more economical by developing high conversion and low cost catalysts from renewable sources, and utilizing waste oil as feedstock. Further emphasis is given on the need for public education and awareness for the use and benefits of biodiesel, while promoting policies that will not only endorse the industry, but also promote effective land management.
544 citations
"An investigation on CI engine chara..." refers background in this paper
...…across the world, it can be problematic to dispose these off safely so that these waste materials could be bought for very reasonable prices which will eliminate the disposal problems with further contribution to biodiesel production (Bhatti, Hanif, and Qasim 2008; Janaun and Ellis 2010)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the engine design parameters viz. compression ratio (CR) and fuel injection pressure (IP) jointly on the performance with regard to fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NOx and Smoke opacity with JME as fuel.
375 citations
"An investigation on CI engine chara..." refers background in this paper
...Kannan and Anand (2012) investigated the effect of injection pressure and injection timing on waste cooking oil and found that the combined effect of higher injection pressure of 280 bar and an advanced injection timing of 25.5° Crank angle (CA) before top dead center (bTDC) significantly improves…...
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TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to use waste tallow as low cost sustainable potential feed stock for biodiesel production and the effect of various process parameters such as amount of catalyst, temperature and time on biodiesel consumption was investigated.
337 citations