An IoT-based E-parking system for smart cities
01 Sep 2017-pp 1062-1066
TL;DR: A prototype of internet-of-thing based E-parking system that uses an integrated component called parking meter to address the above-mentioned issues as well as to provide smart parking management throughout the city.
Abstract: The increasing number of vehicles on the road along with the mismanagement of available parking space leads to the parking related problems as well as increased traffic congestion in urban areas. Thus it is highly required to develop an automated smart parking management system that would help the driver to find out some suitable parking space for his/her vehicle very quickly. Although ample amount of research works on the development of smart parking system exist in literature, but most of them have not addressed the problem of real-time detection of improper parking and automatic collection of parking charges. In this paper, a prototype of internet-of-thing based E-parking system is proposed. The proposed E-parking system uses an integrated component called parking meter to address the above-mentioned issues as well as to provide smart parking management throughout the city.
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TL;DR: An early fire detection system to get rid of fire events using the concept of senor network and UAV’s technology and the proposed system has a higher fire detection rate to improve the true detection of forest fire from 95 to 98 percent.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive study, comparison and extensive analysis of smart parking systems in terms of technological approach, sensors utilized, networking technologies, user interface, computational approaches, and service provided is provided.
40 citations
TL;DR: The findings show that for the environment sector, cleaner air and water systems connected to IoT-driven sensors are used to detect the amount of CO2, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen to monitor air quality and to detect water leakage and pH levels.
Abstract: As smart cities (SCs) emerge, the Internet of Things (IoT) is able to simplify more sophisticated and ubiquitous applications employed within these cities. In this regard, we investigate seven predominant sectors including the environment, public transport, utilities, street lighting, waste management, public safety, and smart parking that have a great effect on SC development. Our findings show that for the environment sector, cleaner air and water systems connected to IoT-driven sensors are used to detect the amount of CO2, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen to monitor air quality and to detect water leakage and pH levels. For public transport, IoT systems help traffic management and prevent train delays, for the utilities sector IoT systems are used for reducing overall bills and related costs as well as electricity consumption management. For the street-lighting sector, IoT systems are used for better control of streetlamps and saving energy associated with urban street lighting. For waste management, IoT systems for waste collection and gathering of data regarding the level of waste in the container are effective. In addition, for public safety these systems are important in order to prevent vehicle theft and smartphone loss and to enhance public safety. Finally, IoT systems are effective in reducing congestion in cities and helping drivers to find vacant parking spots using intelligent smart parking.
25 citations
22 Aug 2019
TL;DR: The SPMS provides a sensing platform supported by a mobile app to enable real-time interaction of drivers with the car park infrastructure in a way that minimizes drivers’ search time for an empty parking spot within large multi-storey car parks and facilitates the localization of their parked cars.
Abstract: Smart parking management aims to leverage advanced sensing and monitoring technologies to optimize the usage of parking spots within large car parks and ease parking for drivers by directing them to available parking spots, thereby reducing unnecessary stress and delay that further worsen the traffic conditions. The idea of smart parking development began to make parking easier, faster, with less of a drain on resources which are slowly disappearing. The aim of the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) proposed in this paper is to assist drivers in alleviating several issues linked to parking. Our SPMS provides a sensing platform supported by a mobile app to enable real-time interaction of drivers with the car park infrastructure in a way that minimizes drivers’ search time for an empty parking spot within large multi-storey car parks and facilitates the localization of their parked cars. To validate the efficiency of our SPMS, a small scale test-bed was developed as a proof of concept and tested under five different scenarios. The obtained results highlight its effectiveness and call for its potential integration in real world car parks.
24 citations
Cites methods from "An IoT-based E-parking system for s..."
...In [5], an IoT (Internet of Things) based E-parking system was developed in order to solve some issues within parking structures....
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01 Apr 2019
TL;DR: A smart parking solution that uses a single low-power wireless radio technology to seamlessly perform parked vehicle localization and transport of sensor data for use by a central management system is developed.
Abstract: Efficient parking lot automation continues to be a focal point of smart city initiatives. Most existing unattended parking lots suffer from a lack of seamless automation, instead deploying ticketing and payment at ingress and egress points or other systems with heavy user involvement that often form bottlenecks. Similarly, many lots use per-space sensing with expensive networking and power requirements simply to determine space occupancy. Parking solutions that are free from the delay caused by this user burden and infrastructure could experience faster occupancy turnover with lower cost. An ongoing challenge in developing seamless parking experiences is the detection and identification of vehicles in parking spaces without the need for complex and expensive per-space occupancy detection technology. We develop a smart parking solution that uses a single low-power wireless radio technology to seamlessly perform parked vehicle localization and transport of sensor data for use by a central management system. Our solution uses a sparse, self-forming network of dual-mode Bluetooth sensors within a parking area to observe the presence of customized authenticated Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) beacons placed in vehicles parked in the lot. Our localization technique is based on radio fingerprinting using Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) values from the beacon, and a random forest machine learning classifier that predicts where the vehicle is parked based on its fingerprint. We implemented our solution in Python on commodity Internet of Things (IoT) hardware and deployed it to a 105 space outdoor parking lot. There, we conducted fingerprinting and prediction experiments. Our results show that our exact-space prediction model evaluates with a high accuracy using radio training data (90.7\% correctly identified), and our in-vehicle tests show a promising result (69.17\% accurate up to and including 3 spaces away), even without employing tuning and data filtering techniques. This encouraging result shows that localization using Bluetooth is a viable means of managing parked vehicles, with great promise for a variety of future parking management applications.
19 citations
Cites background from "An IoT-based E-parking system for s..."
...), with little or no experimental validation [24]–[27] and without details on communication protocols used, resilience features, power demands, etc....
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References
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TL;DR: A review in the related literature presented in this paper reveals that better performance has been reported, when limitations in distance, angle of view, illumination conditions are set, and background complexity is low.
Abstract: In this paper, a new algorithm for vehicle license plate identification is proposed, on the basis of a novel adaptive image segmentation technique (sliding concentric windows) and connected component analysis in conjunction with a character recognition neural network. The algorithm was tested with 1334 natural-scene gray-level vehicle images of different backgrounds and ambient illumination. The camera focused in the plate, while the angle of view and the distance from the vehicle varied according to the experimental setup. The license plates properly segmented were 1287 over 1334 input images (96.5%). The optical character recognition system is a two-layer probabilistic neural network (PNN) with topology 108-180-36, whose performance for entire plate recognition reached 89.1%. The PNN is trained to identify alphanumeric characters from car license plates based on data obtained from algorithmic image processing. Combining the above two rates, the overall rate of success for the license-plate-recognition algorithm is 86.0%. A review in the related literature presented in this paper reveals that better performance (90% up to 95%) has been reported, when limitations in distance, angle of view, illumination conditions are set, and background complexity is low
740 citations
"An IoT-based E-parking system for s..." refers methods in this paper
...recognition (ALPR) algorithm [23] to process the image received from PLMS....
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19 Apr 2009
TL;DR: A new smart parking scheme for large parking lots through vehicular communication that can provide the drivers with real-time parking navigation service, intelligent anti- theft protection, and friendly parking information dissemination is proposed.
Abstract: Searching for a vacant parking space in a congested area or a large parking lot and preventing auto theft are major concerns to our daily lives. In this paper, we propose a new smart parking scheme for large parking lots through vehicular communication. The proposed scheme can provide the drivers with real-time parking navigation service, intelligent anti- theft protection, and friendly parking information dissemination. Performance analysis via extensive simulations demonstrates its efficiency and practicality. Keywords— Vehicular communications; smart parking; navi- gation; anti-theft; information dissemination; security & privacy
287 citations
29 Oct 2007
TL;DR: A solution has been provided for the problems encountered in parking-lot management systems via RFID technology and an automized income tracking system, a car tracking system for charging and a central parking-car tracking system have been developed and utilized.
Abstract: There has been a considerable amount of reduction in transaction costs and decrease in stock shortage with the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in automation. Most of the RFID networks include a wide range of automation technologies. These technologies are RFID readers, RFID writers, RFID barcode scanners, RFID smart sensors and RFID controllers. In this study, a solution has been provided for the problems encountered in parking-lot management systems via RFID technology. RFID readers, RFID labels, computers, barriers and software are used as for the main components of the RFID technology. The software has been handled for the management, controlling, transaction reporting and operation tasks for parking lots located on various parts of the city. Check-ins and check-outs of the parking-lots will be under control with RFID readers, labels and barriers. Personnel costs will be reduced considerably using this technology. It will be possible to see unmanned, secure, automized parking-lots functioning with RFID technology in the future. Check-ins and check-outs will be handled in a fast manner without having to stop the cars so that traffic jam problem will be avoided during these processes. Drivers will not have to stop at the circulation points and parking tickets will be out of usage during check-ins and check-outs. It will be avoided ticket-jamming problems for the ticket processing machines as well. Vehicle owners will not have to make any payments at each check-out thus a faster traffic flow will be possible. Since there won't be any waiting during check-ins and check-outs the formation of emission gas as a result of such waiting will be avoided. An automized income tracking system, a car tracking system for charging and a central parking-car tracking system have been developed and utilized. Instead of cars' parking on streets, a more modern and a fast operating parking-lot system have been developed.
237 citations
"An IoT-based E-parking system for s..." refers background in this paper
...Among these, a prototype of RFID-based smart sparking application that implements automated check-in and check-out process of the vehicle from parking lot area by using RFID reader is presented in [3]....
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01 Aug 2006
TL;DR: A WSN-based intelligent car parking system with low-cost wireless sensors deployed into a car park field, with each parking lot equipped with one sensor node, which detects and monitors the occupation of the parking lot.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted increasing attentions from both academic and industrial communities. It can be deployed in various kinds of environments to monitor and collect information. In this paper, we describe a WSN-based intelligent car parking system. In the system, low-cost wireless sensors are deployed into a car park field, with each parking lot equipped with one sensor node, which detects and monitors the occupation of the parking lot. The status of the parking field detected by sensor nodes is reported periodically to a database via the deployed wireless sensor network and its gateway. The database can be accessed by the upper layer management system to perform various management functions, such as finding vacant parking lots, auto-toll, security management, and statistic report. We have implemented a prototype of the system using crossbow motes. The system evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our design and implementation of the car parking system.
231 citations
"An IoT-based E-parking system for s..." refers background or methods in this paper
...On the other hand, either the sensor node or WSNs have been utilized to design several SPSs [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]....
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...Apart from monitoring the parking field, the system proposed in [4] also provides other services like auto-toll, security management etc....
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...Among these, a prototype of wireless sensor network based intelligent car parking system is presented in [4]....
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10 Apr 2011
TL;DR: The experiment results show that the proposed reservation-based parking policy has the potential to simplify the operations of parking systems, as well as alleviate traffic congestion caused by parking searching.
Abstract: Finding a parking space in most metropolitan areas, especially during the rush hours, is difficult for drivers. The difficulty arises from not knowing where the available spaces may be at that time; even if known, many vehicles may pursue very limited parking spaces to cause serious traffic congestion. In this paper, we design and implement a prototype of Reservation-based Smart Parking System (RSPS) that allows drivers to effectively find and reserve the vacant parking spaces. By periodically learning the parking status from the sensor networks deployed in parking lots, the reservation service is affected by the change of physical parking status. The drivers are allowed to access this cyber-physical system with their personal communication devices. Furthermore, we study state-of-the-art parking policies in smart parking systems and compare their performance. The experiment results show that the proposed reservation-based parking policy has the potential to simplify the operations of parking systems, as well as alleviate traffic congestion caused by parking searching.
213 citations
"An IoT-based E-parking system for s..." refers methods in this paper
...A reservation-based based SPS proposed in [10] uses 802....
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