Journal ArticleDOI
An overview of CO2 mitigation options for global warming -Emphasizing CO2 sequestration options
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TLDR
In this paper, various mitigation options focusing on the carbon sequestration options are reviewed focusing on carbon dioxide mitigation options, which can be divided into two categories; the enhancement of the natural sinking rates of CO2, and a direct discharge of anthropogenic CO2.Abstract:
CO2 mitigation options have been overviewed from an engineering point of view. There have been proposed a number of mitigation options, which can be divided into three categories; 1. reduction of energy intensity; 2. reduction of carbon intensity; 3. carbon sequestration. In this review paper, various mitigation options are reviewed focusing on the carbon sequestration options.A reduction in energy intensity is essentially an energy saving. A reduction in carbon intensity could be achieved by switching to energy resources with lower carbon contents. Based on the 2001 IPCC report, the mitigation potential related to energy intensity is estimated at 1, 900–2, 600 Mt-C/year in 2010, and 3, 600–5, 050 Mt-C/year in 2020, including other greenhouse gas equivalents. There are additional benefits in implementing these options; they are economically beneficial, and have no associated harmful effects. The carbon sequestration options can be divided into two categories; the enhancement of the natural sinking rates of CO2, and a direct discharge of anthropogenic CO2. The relevant sequestration options in the first category include terrestrial sequestration by vegetation, ocean sequestration by fertilization, and an enhancement of the rock weathering process. In the direct discharge options, the CO2 produced from large point sources, such as thermal power stations, would be captured and separated, then transported and injected either into the ocean or underground. Although the sequestration options are less beneficial in terms of cost per unit CO2 reduction compared to other options, technical developments in sequestration options are necessary for the following reasons; 1. A huge potential capacity for carbon sequestration, 2. carbon sequestration enables a continuous use of fossil fuels, which is unavoidable at the moment, before switching to renewable energy sources. Each sequestration option has advantages and disadvantages in terms of capacity, cost, the time scale of the sequestration, the stability of sequestered CO2, and additional environmental impacts, which depend on the location, time, and amount of sequestration. Thus, reliable evaluations of the mitigation efficiency are essential for each sequestration option upon implementation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies
TL;DR: In this paper, various aspects of CCS are reviewed and discussed including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture: a review.
Hongqun Yang,Zhenghe Xu,Maohong Fan,Rajender Gupta,Rachid B. Slimane,Alan E. Bland,Ian G. Wright +6 more
TL;DR: This article reviews the progress made in CO2 separation and capture research and engineering and various technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation are thoroughly discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The teraton challenge. A review of fixation and transformation of carbon dioxide
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of CO2, its synthetic reactions and their possible role in future CO2 mitigation schemes that have to match the scale of man-made CO2 in the atmosphere, which rapidly approaches 1 teraton.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of natural gas hydrates as an energy resource: Prospects and challenges ☆
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review various studies on resource potential of natural gas hydrate, the current research progress in laboratory settings, and several recent field trials, and discuss possible limitation in each production method and the challenges to be addressed for large scale production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Progress in adsorption-based CO2 capture by metal–organic frameworks
TL;DR: Two main challenges of using MOFs in CO(2) capture, the cost of synthesis and the stability toward water vapor, have been analyzed and possible solutions and path forward have been proposed to address the two challenges.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal Article
A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean
TL;DR: The seeding of an expanse of surface waters in the equatorial Pacific Ocean with low concentrations of dissolved iron triggered a massive phytoplankton bloom which consumed large quantities of carbon dioxide and nitrate that these microscopic plants cannot fully utilize under natural conditions as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean
Kenneth H. Coale,Kenneth S. Johnson,Kenneth S. Johnson,Steve E. Fitzwater,R. Michael Gordon,S. J. Tanner,Francisco P. Chavez,Laurie Ferioli,Laurie Ferioli,Carole M. Sakamoto,Paul Rogers,Frank J. Millero,Paul A. Steinberg,Phil Nightingale,Phil Nightingale,David Neil Cooper,David Neil Cooper,William P. Cochlan,Michael R. Landry,John Constantinou,Gretchen Rollwagen,Armando Trasviña,Raphael M. Kudela,Raphael M. Kudela +23 more
TL;DR: Observations provide unequivocal support for the hypothesis that phytoplankton growth in this oceanic region is limited by iron bioavailability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon dioxide disposal in carbonate minerals
TL;DR: In this paper, a safe and permanent method of CO2 disposal based on combining CO2 chemically with abundant raw materials to form stable carbonate minerals is introduced, where substantial heat is liberated in the overall chemical reaction so that cost will be determined by the simplicity and speed of the reaction rather than the cost of energy.
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