An overview of flame retardancy of polymeric materials: application, technology, and future directions
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TLDR
A general overview of commercial flame retardant technology is given in this article, which covers the drivers behind why flame retardants are used today, the current technologies in use, how they are applied, and where the field of flame-retardant research is headed.Abstract:
SUMMARY
Flame retardancy of polymeric materials is conducted to provide fire protection to flammable consumer goods, as well as to mitigate fire growth in a wide range of fires. This paper is a general overview of commercial flame retardant technology. It covers the drivers behind why flame retardants are used today, the current technologies in use, how they are applied, and where the field of flame retardant research is headed. The paper is not a full review of the technology, but rather a general overview of this entire field of applied science and is designed to get the reader started on the fundamentals behind this technology. This paper is based upon presentations given by the authors in late 2009 at the Flame Retardants and Fire Fighters meeting held at NIST. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.read more
Citations
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Molecular Firefighting—How Modern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solve the Challenge of Flame Retardancy
TL;DR: Investigating how current phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers, and addressing the future of sustainable, efficient, and safe phosphorus‐based flame‐retardants from renewable sources are addressed.
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Bio-based flame retardants: When nature meets fire protection
TL;DR: In this article, the identification of biomass compounds that have a potential as flame retardants for polymers due to their high availability and inherent properties is discussed. And the recent progress in flame retardant systems, based on the use of renewable products, which constitutes a promising approach to provide materials with improved fire resistance.
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Flame retardant polymeric nanocomposites through the combination of nanomaterials and conventional flame retardants
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review on the design, performances, applications and challenges of polymeric polymeric nanocomposites is presented, focusing on the combination effect between nanomaterials with variable dimensions and scales, and conventional phosphorus-, nitrogen- and/or silicon-containing flame retardants.
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Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction
Laura Anne Lowden,T.R. Hull +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, potential approaches for fire retarding timber are reviewed, identifying two main approaches: char formation and isolating layers, and other potential approaches are recognised, including the use of inorganic minerals, such as sericrite, and metal foils in combination with intumescent products.
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Phosphorus resources, their depletion and conservation, a review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on reducing the demand for fossil phosphorus by limiting consumption of P to essential uses, increasing efficiency of agricultural use and increasing recycling of P may substantially contribute to the reduction of demand of fossil P resources.
References
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Flammability Properties of Polymer - Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites. Polypropylene and Polystyrene Nanocomposites
Jeffrey W. Gilman,Catheryn L. Jackson,Alexander B. Morgan,Richard H. Harris,Evangelos Manias,Emmanuel P. Giannelis,Melanie Wuthenow,Dawn Hilton,Shawn H. Phillips +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanism of flammability reduction of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride and polystyrene−layered-silicate nanocomposites using montmorillonite and fluorohectorite was investigated.
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Development of fire-retarded materials—Interpretation of cone calorimeter data
Bernhard Schartel,T. R. Hull +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide guidance in the use and interpretation of cone calorimetry for those directly involved with such measurements, and discuss the fire scenario with respect to applied heat flux, length scale, temperature, ventilation, anaerobic pyrolysis and set-up represented by the cone.
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Thermal Degradation Chemistry of Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Montmorillonite
TL;DR: The thermal stability of organically modified layered silicate (OLS) plays a key role in the synthesis and processing of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites as discussed by the authors.
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