An overview on 3D printing technology: Technological, materials, and applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the types of 3D printing technologies, the application of three-dimensional printing technology and lastly, the materials used for 3-D printing technology in manufacturing industry.
About: This article is published in Procedia Manufacturing.The article was published on 2019-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 686 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: 3D printing.
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TL;DR: It can be concluded that AM is advantageous in some cases, exhibiting lower energy consumption and comprising shorter manufacturing processes.
108 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review and critical analyses of the recent advances and achievements in the field of different AM processes for polymers, their composites and nanocomposites, elastomers and multi materials, shape memory polymers and thermo-responsive materials are presented in this paper.
Abstract: The use of additive manufacturing (AM) has moved well beyond prototyping and has been established as a highly versatile manufacturing method with demonstrated potential to completely transform traditional manufacturing in the future. In this paper, a comprehensive review and critical analyses of the recent advances and achievements in the field of different AM processes for polymers, their composites and nanocomposites, elastomers and multi materials, shape memory polymers and thermo-responsive materials are presented. Moreover, their applications in different fields such as bio-medical, electronics, textiles, and aerospace industries are also discussed. We conclude the article with an account of further research needs and future perspectives of AM process with polymeric materials.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the progress made and the future prospects for designing precise structures via innovative technologies, particularly 3D printing, and their flame retardancy performances are comprehensively addressed and discussed.
Abstract: Fire safety has become a major concern due to the ubiquitous use of polymers. The development of flame retardant polymer materials has consequently experienced a huge growth in market size. New strategies and legislation have also been proposed to save lives and property. The science and economics of flame retardancy, fire regulations, and new technologies are under permanent evolution. This review paper focuses on revisiting and classifying recent developments in the knowledge and technology of flame retardant polymer materials and demonstrating the qualitative and quantitative analyses carried out on their flame retardant properties. In particular, it comprehensively addresses the progress made and the future prospects for designing precise structures via innovative technologies, particularly 3D printing - as the state-of-the-art manufacturing methodology providing innovative features in this realm of research - and their flame retardancy performances. Indeed, the strategies driving the technologies of innovative flame retardant polymer materials and 3D printing technology are approaching a practical juncture in the near future.
88 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive description of different materials compatible for each type of 3D printing process is presented, and various application areas of each kind of process are also discussed, and a dedicated section on industry 4.0 is included.
Abstract: 3D printing, unlike other manufacturing processes, being an additive process has emerged as a viable technology for the production of engineering components. The aspects associated with 3D printing such as less material wastage, ease of manufacturing, less human involvement, very less post processing and energy efficiency makes the process sustainable for industrial use. The paper discusses numerous 3D printing processes, their advantages and disadvantages. A comprehensive description of different materials compatible for each type of 3D printing process is presented. The paper also presents the various application areas of each type of process. A dedicated section on industry 4.0 has also been included. The literature studied revealed that although the field of 3D printing has evolved to a great extent, there are still issues that need to be addressed such as material incompatibility and the cost of the materials. Future research could be undertaken to develop and modify the processes to suit a broad range of materials. To broaden the range of applications for 3D printed parts, more focus needs to be laid on developing cost effective printer technologies and materials compatible for these printers.
88 citations
05 Jun 2020
TL;DR: The high demand on medical devices and personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 crisis left millions of health care professionals unprotected in the middle of this situation, as gove...
Abstract: The high demand on medical devices and personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 crisis left millions of health care professionals unprotected in the middle of this situation, as gove...
86 citations
References
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TL;DR: A review of the emerging research on additive manufacturing of metallic materials is provided in this article, which provides a comprehensive overview of the physical processes and the underlying science of metallurgical structure and properties of the deposited parts.
4,192 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an overview on 3D printing techniques of polymer composite materials and the properties and performance of 3D printed composite parts as well as their potential applications in the fields of biomedical, electronics and aerospace engineering.
Abstract: The use of 3D printing for rapid tooling and manufacturing has promised to produce components with complex geometries according to computer designs. Due to the intrinsically limited mechanical properties and functionalities of printed pure polymer parts, there is a critical need to develop printable polymer composites with high performance. 3D printing offers many advantages in the fabrication of composites, including high precision, cost effective and customized geometry. This article gives an overview on 3D printing techniques of polymer composite materials and the properties and performance of 3D printed composite parts as well as their potential applications in the fields of biomedical, electronics and aerospace engineering. Common 3D printing techniques such as fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, inkjet 3D printing, stereolithography, and 3D plotting are introduced. The formation methodology and the performance of particle-, fiber- and nanomaterial-reinforced polymer composites are emphasized. Finally, important limitations are identified to motivate the future research of 3D printing.
2,132 citations
TL;DR: The approach to metal-based additive manufacturing is applicable to a wide range of alloys and can be implemented using a range of additive machines, and provides a foundation for broad industrial applicability, including where electron-beam melting or directed-energy-deposition techniques are used instead of selective laser melting.
Abstract: Metal-based additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a potentially disruptive technology across multiple industries, including the aerospace, biomedical and automotive industries. Building up metal components layer by layer increases design freedom and manufacturing flexibility, thereby enabling complex geometries, increased product customization and shorter time to market, while eliminating traditional economy-of-scale constraints. However, currently only a few alloys, the most relevant being AlSi10Mg, TiAl6V4, CoCr and Inconel 718, can be reliably printed; the vast majority of the more than 5,500 alloys in use today cannot be additively manufactured because the melting and solidification dynamics during the printing process lead to intolerable microstructures with large columnar grains and periodic cracks. Here we demonstrate that these issues can be resolved by introducing nanoparticles of nucleants that control solidification during additive manufacturing. We selected the nucleants on the basis of crystallographic information and assembled them onto 7075 and 6061 series aluminium alloy powders. After functionalization with the nucleants, we found that these high-strength aluminium alloys, which were previously incompatible with additive manufacturing, could be processed successfully using selective laser melting. Crack-free, equiaxed (that is, with grains roughly equal in length, width and height), fine-grained microstructures were achieved, resulting in material strengths comparable to that of wrought material. Our approach to metal-based additive manufacturing is applicable to a wide range of alloys and can be implemented using a range of additive machines. It thus provides a foundation for broad industrial applicability, including where electron-beam melting or directed-energy-deposition techniques are used instead of selective laser melting, and will enable additive manufacturing of other alloy systems, such as non-weldable nickel superalloys and intermetallics. Furthermore, this technology could be used in conventional processing such as in joining, casting and injection moulding, in which solidification cracking and hot tearing are also common issues.
1,670 citations
TL;DR: Additive manufacturing (AM) is fundamentally different from traditional formative or subtractive manufacturing in that it is the closest to the bottom-up manufacturing where a structure can be built into its designed shape using a "layer-by-layer" approach rather than casting or forming by technologies such as forging or machining as discussed by the authors.
1,124 citations
TL;DR: The goal of this review is to connect the various additive manufacturing techniques with the monomeric and polymeric materials they use while highlighting emerging material-based developments.
1,121 citations