An update on the use and investigation of probiotics in health and disease
Mary E. Sanders,Francisco Guarner,Richard Guerrant,Peter R. Holt,Eamonn Martin Quigley,Eamonn Martin Quigley,R. Balfour Sartor,Philip M. Sherman,Emeran A. Mayer +8 more
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TLDR
Progress in this area will be facilitated by optimising strain, dose and product formulations, including protective commensal species; matching these formulations with selectively responsive subpopulations; and identifying ways to manipulate diet to modify bacterial profiles and metabolism.Abstract:
Probiotics are derived from traditional fermented foods, from beneficial commensals or from the environment. They act through diverse mechanisms affecting the composition or function of the commensal microbiota and by altering host epithelial and immunological responses. Certain probiotic interventions have shown promise in selected clinical conditions where aberrant microbiota have been reported, such as atopic dermatitis, necrotising enterocolitis, pouchitis and possibly irritable bowel syndrome. However, no studies have been conducted that can causally link clinical improvements to probiotic-induced microbiota changes. Whether a disease-prone microbiota pattern can be remodelled to a more robust, resilient and disease-free state by probiotic administration remains a key unanswered question. Progress in this area will be facilitated by: optimising strain, dose and product formulations, including protective commensal species; matching these formulations with selectively responsive subpopulations; and identifying ways to manipulate diet to modify bacterial profiles and metabolism.read more
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Inflammation-induced cancer: crosstalk between tumours, immune cells and microorganisms.
Eran Elinav,Roni Nowarski,Christoph A. Thaiss,Bo Hu,Chengcheng Jin,Richard A. Flavell,Richard A. Flavell +6 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that understanding this microbial influence will be crucial for targeted therapy in modern cancer treatment and the recently suggested role of commensal microorganisms in inflammation-induced cancer is discussed.
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Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?
TL;DR: Current associations between IBD and dysbiosis are summarized, the role of the gut microbiota in the context of specific animal models of colitis is described, and the potential role of microbiota-focused interventions in the treatment of human IBD is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbes and the brain: paradigm shift in neuroscience.
TL;DR: O Ongoing large-scale population-based studies of the gut microbiome and brain imaging studies looking at the effect of gut microbiome modulation on brain responses to emotion-related stimuli are seeking to validate speculations.
Journal Article
Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Commentary
Juhani Sand,Isto Nordback,Marc G. Besselink,Hjalmar C. van Santvoort,Erik Buskens,Marja A. Boermeester,Harry van Goor,Harro M. Timmerman,Vincent B. Nieuwenhuijs,Thomas L. Bollen,Bert van Ramshorst,Ben J.M. Witteman,Camiel Rosman,Rutger J. Ploeg,Menno A. Blink,Alexander F. Schaapherder,Cornelis H. C. Dejong,Peter J. Wahab,Ceesj H. M. Van Laarhoven,Erwin van der Harst,Casper H.J. van Eijck,Miguel A. Cuesta,Louis M. A. Akkermans,Hein G. Gooszen +23 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of probiotic prophylaxis in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis were evaluated in a multicentre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
References
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TL;DR: Employing a consensus approach, the working team critically considered the available evidence and multinational expert criticism, revised the Rome II diagnostic criteria for the functional bowel disorders, and updated diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
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TL;DR: It is found that in direct contrast to the highly differentiated communities of their mothers, neonates harbored bacterial communities that were undifferentiated across multiple body habitats, regardless of delivery mode.
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TL;DR: Oral inoculation of Clostridium during the early life of conventionally reared mice resulted in resistance to colitis and systemic immunoglobulin E responses in adult mice, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to autoimmunity and allergy.
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TL;DR: New estimates for 2008 of the major causes of death in children younger than 5 years in 193 countries are reported to help to focus national programmes and donor assistance.
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