Journal ArticleDOI
An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders
Richard J. Linscott,J. van Os +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Compelling support is found for the phenomenological and temporal continuity between PE and psychotic disorder and for the fundamental proposition that this relationship is probabilistic.Abstract:
Background The psychosis-proneness–persistence–impairment model of psychotic disorder incorporates notions of both phenomenological and temporal continuity (persistence) of psychotic experiences (PE), but not structural continuity. Specific testable propositions of phenomenological continuity and persistence are identified. Method Propositions are tested by systematic reviews of the epidemiology of PE, persistence of PE and disorder outcomes, and meta-analyses (including Monte Carlo permutation sampling, MCPS) of reported rates and odds ratios (ORs). Results Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of PE obtained from 61 cohorts revealed a median annual incidence of 2.5% and a prevalence of 7.2%. Meta-analysis of risk factors identified age, minority or migrant status, income, education, employment, marital status, alcohol use, cannabis use, stress, urbanicity and family history of mental illness as important predictors of PE. The mode of assessment accounted for significant variance in the observed rates. Across cohorts, the probability of persistence was very strongly related to the rate of PE at baseline. Of those who report PE, ∼20% go on to experience persistent PE whereas for ∼80%, PE remit over time. Of those with baseline PE, 7.4% develop a psychotic disorder outcome. Conclusions Compelling support is found for the phenomenological and temporal continuity between PE and psychotic disorder and for the fundamental proposition that this relationship is probabilistic. However, imprecision in epidemiological research design, measurement limitations and the epiphenomenological nature of PE invite further robust scrutiny of the continuity theory.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews
Crick Lund,Crick Lund,Carrie Brooke-Sumner,Carrie Brooke-Sumner,Florence Baingana,Emily Baron,Erica Breuer,Prabha S. Chandra,Johannes Haushofer,Helen Herrman,Mark J. D. Jordans,Christian Kieling,María Elena Medina-Mora,Ellen Morgan,Olayinka Omigbodun,Wietse A. Tol,Vikram Patel,Shekhar Saxena +17 more
TL;DR: New light is shed on how the Sustainable Development Goals are relevant for addressing the social determinants of mental disorders, and how these goals could be optimised to prevent mental disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychosis as a transdiagnostic and extended phenotype in the general population
Jim van Os,Ulrich Reininghaus +1 more
TL;DR: The study of psychotic experiences is helping to elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental and genetic influences shape the transdiagnostic expression of psychosis proneness, that is mostly transitory but may first become persistent over time and eventually give rise to transition to a psychotic disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: A Cross-National Analysis Based on 31 261 Respondents From 18 Countries
John J. McGrath,John J. McGrath,Sukanta Saha,Sukanta Saha,Ali Al-Hamzawi,Jordi Alonso,Evelyn J. Bromet,Ronny Bruffaerts,José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida,Wai Tat Chiu,Peter de Jonge,John Fayyad,Silvia Florescu,Oye Gureje,Josep Maria Haro,Chiyi Hu,Viviane Kovess-Masfety,Jean Pierre Lepine,Carmen C.W. Lim,Maria Elena Medina Mora,Fernando Navarro-Mateu,Susana Ochoa,Nancy A. Sampson,Kate M. Scott,Maria Carmen Viana,Ronald C. Kessler +25 more
TL;DR: The epidemiologic features of PEs are more nuanced than previously thought and research is needed that focuses on similarities and differences in the predictors of the onset, course, and consequences of distinct PEs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Auditory verbal hallucinations in persons with and without a need for care
Louise Johns,Kristiina Kompus,Melissa Connell,Clara S. Humpston,Tania M. Lincoln,Eleanor Longden,Antonio Preti,Ben Alderson-Day,Johanna C. Badcock,Matteo Cella,Charles Fernyhough,Simon McCarthy-Jones,Emmanuelle Peters,Andrea Raballo,James Scott,Sara Siddi,Iris E. C. Sommer,Frank Larøi +17 more
TL;DR: Research on AVH in nonclinical individuals is reviewed and a cross-disciplinary view of the clinical relevance of these experiences in defining the risk of mental illness and need for care is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences
I.C.M. Janssen,Lydia Krabbendam,Maarten Bak,Manon Hanssen,Wilma A. M. Vollebergh,R. de Graaf,J. van Os +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that early childhood trauma increases the risk for positive psychotic symptoms, and fits well with recent models that suggest that early adversities may lead to psychological and biological changes that increase psychosis vulnerability.
References
More filters
Journal Article
R: A language and environment for statistical computing.
TL;DR: Copyright (©) 1999–2012 R Foundation for Statistical Computing; permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
TL;DR: A new quantity is developed, I 2, which the authors believe gives a better measure of the consistency between trials in a meta-analysis, which is susceptible to the number of trials included in the meta- analysis.
Reference EntryDOI
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)
TL;DR: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) (American Psychiatric Association], 2000) is a compendium of mental disorders, a listing of the criteria used to diagnose them, and a detailed system for their definition, organization, and classification.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder
TL;DR: There is evidence, however, that transitory developmental expression of psychosis (psychosis proneness) may become abnormally persistent and subsequently clinically relevant (impairment), depending on the degree of environmental risk the person is additionally exposed to.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study
Louise Arseneault,Mary Cannon,Richie Poulton,Robin M. Murray,Avshalom Caspi,Terrie E. Moffitt +5 more
TL;DR: This is the first prospective longitudinal study of adolescent cannabis use as a risk factor for adult schizophreniform disorder, taking into account childhood psychotic symptoms, and the Dunedin multidisciplinary health and development study has a 96% follow up rate at age 26.