An updated review of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices
01 Sep 2021-Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (Springer International Publishing)-Vol. 145, Iss: 6, pp 2817-2872
TL;DR: A review of the progress made in the area of nanofluids preparation and applications in various heat transfer devices such as solar collectors, heat exchangers, refrigeration systems, radiators, thermal storage systems and electronic cooling is presented in this paper.
Abstract: The field of nanofluids has received interesting attention since the concept of dispersing nanoscaled particles into a fluid was first introduced in the later part of the twentieth century This is evident from the increased number of studies related to nanofluids published annually The increasing attention on nanofluids is primarily due to their enhanced thermophysical properties and their ability to be incorporated into a wide range of thermal applications ranging from enhancing the effectiveness of heat exchangers used in industries to solar energy harvesting for renewable energy production Owing to the increasing number of studies relating to nanofluids, there is a need for a holistic review of the progress and steps taken in 2019 concerning their application in heat transfer devices This review takes a retrospective look at the year 2019 by reviewing the progress made in the area of nanofluids preparation and the applications of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices such as solar collectors, heat exchangers, refrigeration systems, radiators, thermal storage systems and electronic cooling This review aims to update readers on recent progress while also highlighting the challenges and future of nanofluids as the next-generation heat transfer fluids Finally, a conclusion on the merits and demerits of nanofluids is presented along with recommendations for future studies that would mobilise the rapid commercialisation of nanofluids
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13 Jun 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of machine learning techniques employed in the nanofluid-based renewable energy system, as well as new developments in machine learning research, is presented.
Abstract: Nanofluids have gained significant popularity in the field of sustainable and renewable energy systems. The heat transfer capacity of the working fluid has a huge impact on the efficiency of the renewable energy system. The addition of a small amount of high thermal conductivity solid nanoparticles to a base fluid improves heat transfer. Even though a large amount of research data is available in the literature, some results are contradictory. Many influencing factors, as well as nonlinearity and refutations, make nanofluid research highly challenging and obstruct its potentially valuable uses. On the other hand, data-driven machine learning techniques would be very useful in nanofluid research for forecasting thermophysical features and heat transfer rate, identifying the most influential factors, and assessing the efficiencies of different renewable energy systems. The primary aim of this review study is to look at the features and applications of different machine learning techniques employed in the nanofluid-based renewable energy system, as well as to reveal new developments in machine learning research. A variety of modern machine learning algorithms for nanofluid-based heat transfer studies in renewable and sustainable energy systems are examined, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Artificial neural networks-based model prediction using contemporary commercial software is simple to develop and the most popular. The prognostic capacity may be further improved by combining a marine predator algorithm, genetic algorithm, swarm intelligence optimization, and other intelligent optimization approaches. In addition to the well-known neural networks and fuzzy- and gene-based machine learning techniques, newer ensemble machine learning techniques such as Boosted regression techniques, K-means, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), CatBoost, and XGBoost are gaining popularity due to their improved architectures and adaptabilities to diverse data types. The regularly used neural networks and fuzzy-based algorithms are mostly black-box methods, with the user having little or no understanding of how they function. This is the reason for concern, and ethical artificial intelligence is required.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach of analytical solutions is carried out on the thermal transport phenomena of Casson fluid based on Prabhakar's fractional derivative with generalized Fourier's law.
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach of analytical solutions is carried out on the thermal transport phenomena of Casson fluid based on Prabhakar's fractional derivative with generalized Fourier's law. The governing equations are obtained through constitutive relations and analytical solutions obtained via Laplace transform technique. Solutions for temperature and velocity fields were analyzed through graphical description by Mathcad software. The fluid properties revealed various aspects for different flow parameters as well as fractional parameter values and found important results. As a result, it is found that fluid properties can be enhanced by increasing the values of fractional parameters and useful in some experimental data fitting in the heating and cooling phenomena especially electronic devices.
57 citations
TL;DR: A systematic review on nanofluids of carbon-base, precisely; carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds, and their employment in thermal systems commonly used in the energy sectors and the current gap in scientific knowledge is provided to set up future research directions.
Abstract: Nanofluids have opened the doors towards the enhancement of many of today’s existing thermal applications performance. This is because these advanced working fluids exhibit exceptional thermophysical properties, and thus making them excellent candidates for replacing conventional working fluids. On the other hand, nanomaterials of carbon-base were proven throughout the literature to have the highest thermal conductivity among all other types of nanoscaled materials. Therefore, when these materials are homogeneously dispersed in a base fluid, the resulting suspension will theoretically attain orders of magnitude higher effective thermal conductivity than its counterpart. Despite this fact, there are still some challenges that are associated with these types of fluids. The main obstacle is the dispersion stability of the nanomaterials, which can lead the attractive properties of the nanofluid to degrade with time, up to the point where they lose their effectiveness. For such reason, this work has been devoted towards providing a systematic review on nanofluids of carbon-base, precisely; carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds, and their employment in thermal systems commonly used in the energy sectors. Firstly, this work reviews the synthesis approaches of the carbon-based feedstock. Then, it explains the different nanofluids fabrication methods. The dispersion stability is also discussed in terms of measuring techniques, enhancement methods, and its effect on the suspension thermophysical properties. The study summarizes the development in the correlations used to predict the thermophysical properties of the dispersion. Furthermore, it assesses the influence of these advanced working fluids on parabolic trough solar collectors, nuclear reactor systems, and air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Lastly, the current gap in scientific knowledge is provided to set up future research directions.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of different nanomaterials on the efficiency of solar collectors is discussed and the limitations of applying nanofluids and discusses the long-term challenges of their application to solar collectors.
Abstract: Solar thermal collectors are systems that allow for the use of solar energy in thermal applications. These collectors utilize a heat transfer fluid to transport absorbed solar radiation to applications where they are needed. Scientists in a bid to improve the conversion efficiency of solar collectors have suggested different collector designs and improved collector materials. Over the last 25 years, the study of nanofluids and their applications have revolutionized material science, and nanotechnology has found applications in improving solar collector materials. This article reviews the impact of different nanomaterials on the efficiency of solar collectors. The study also outlines the limitations of applying nanofluids and discusses the long-term challenges of their application to solar collectors. Nanofluids have the potential to improve the overall efficiency of most solar collectors, however, the full potential of nanofluids in heat transfer applications cannot be completely achieved until some of the questions regarding hysteresis, stability, and the overall predictability of nanofluids are answered.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conduct a numerical examination of mixed convective heat transfer in a three-dimensional triangular enclosure with a revolving circular cylinder in the cavity's center, and find that for enhancing the heat transfer rates of hybrid nanofluid in a triangular porous cavity fitted with a rotating cylinder and subjected to a magnetic field, Darcy number > 10−3, Hartmann number < 0, one zigzag on the hot surface, and rotation speed >500 in flow direction are recommended.
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to conduct a numerical examination of mixed convective heat transfer in a three-dimensional triangular enclosure with a revolving circular cylinder in the cavity’s center. Numerical simulations of the hybrid Fe3O4/MWCNT-water nanofluid are performed using the finite element approach (FEM). The simulation is carried out for a range of parameter values, including the Darcy number (between 10−5 and 10−2), the Hartmann number (between 0 and 100), the angular speed of the rotation (between −500 and 1000), and the number of zigzags. The stream function, isotherms, and isentropic contours illustrate the impact of many parameters on motion, heat transfer, and entropy formation. The findings indicate that for enhancing the heat transfer rates of hybrid nanofluid in a three-dimensional triangular porous cavity fitted with a rotating cylinder and subjected to a magnetic field, Darcy number > 10−3, Hartmann number < 0, one zigzag on the hot surface, and rotation speed >500 in flow direction are recommended.
45 citations
References
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Book•
11 Sep 1985
TL;DR: This paper introduced the physical effects underlying heat and mass transfer phenomena and developed methodologies for solving a variety of real-world problems, such as energy minimization, mass transfer, and energy maximization.
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"An updated review of nanofluids in ..." refers background in this paper
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Book•
01 Jan 1873
TL;DR: The most influential nineteenth-century scientist for twentieth-century physics, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field as discussed by the authors.
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9,565 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Berechnung der dielektrizitatatkonstanten and der Leitfahigkeiten fur Elektriatitat and Warme der Mischkorper aus isotropen Bestandteilen behandelt.
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7,155 citations