Análisis del desempeño de la potencia y el torque de un motor diésel operando con mezclas de biodiésel de palma

TLDR: In this paper, a comparison of the performance of diesel and biodiesel engines was performed using the SAE J1349 standard, and the results showed that the biodiesel produced by the diesel engine is more efficient than the diesel.

Abstract: espanolContexto: La tendencia de la cultura de la sociedad moderna, se basa especialmente en el desarrollo de nuevos biocombustibles, donde se direccionan mas especificamente en el campo de los motores de combustion interna, estableciendose como punto central, la perdida de su rendimiento termico. Este factor es uno de los principales retos, donde la investigacion se dinamiza en forma compleja e importante. En este contexto, la investigacion aqui propuesta, fortalece esta area del conocimiento, tambien, determina el comportamiento del desempeno de un motor monocilindrico encendido por compresion y con mezclas entre el diesel convencional y un biodiesel producido con tecnicas innovadoras. Metodo: En este trabajo se realizo, un analisis en un banco de pruebas para motores de combustion interna tipo Diesel, donde se caracterizo y se determino la eficiencia del motor, utilizando Diesel y diferentes mezclas como la B2, B5, B10, B20, B50 y B100 lo cual el numero determina el porcentaje de biodiesel en la mezcla. El biodiesel utilizado, conto como base el aceite de palma africana y se obtuvo por medio de la tecnologia de radiacion por microondas. Estas pruebas fueron realizadas utilizando la norma SAE J1349. La toma de datos como potencia, torque, consumo de combustibles y temperaturas, indicaron el desempeno del motor, que a su vez determinaron los efectos de los diferentes combustibles en estudio. Resultados: Al desarrollar las pruebas y realizar su analisis, se evidencio que, para todas las mezclas analizadas, la combustion se formo sin complicaciones, ademas de esto, al incrementar el porcentaje de biocombustible en la mezcla, se identifico aumentos mayores o iguales al 20% del consumo de combustible y perdidas de potencia en el rango del 40%. Ahora, respecto a la utilizacion del proceso por la tecnologia con microondas se mostro mas eficiente para la produccion del mismo Conclusiones: Con la metodologia aplicada, se determino que para la mezcla B20, los valores de la potencia fueron los mas estables en terminos de rendimiento termico. En el contexto del comparativo de los combustibles patron, diesel colombiano y venezolano, sometidos bajos las mismas condiciones de operacion, se obtuvo que el combustible tipo diesel venezolano presenta mejores caracteristicas de rendimiento en cuanto a su potencia, torque y estabilidad termica. Con respecto al consumo especifico del combustible obtenido, se observa el aumento con mayor porcentaje de mezcla de biodiesel, esto directamente proporcional a la perdida de potencia. EnglishContext: The trend in modern society's culture is based especially on the development of new biofuels, where they are directed more specifically in the field of internal combustion engines, establishing as a central point, the loss of their thermal performance. This factor is one of the main challenges, where research is dynamized in a complex and important way. In this context, the research proposed here strengthens this area of knowledge, also, determines the performance behavior of a single-cylinder engine ignited by compression and with mixtures between conventional diesel and biodiesel produced with innovative techniques. Method: In this work, an analysis was made in a test bench for internal combustion engines type Diesel, where the efficiency of the engine was characterized and determined, using Diesel and different mixtures such as B2, B5, B10, B20, B50 and B100 which number determines the percentage of biodiesel in the mixture. The biodiesel used was based on African palm oil and was obtained by means of microwave radiation technology. These tests were performed using SAE J1349 standard. Data collection such as power, torque, fuel consumption, and temperature, indicated engine performance, which in turn determined the effects of the different fuels under study. Results: During the development of the tests and their analysis, it was evidenced that, for all the analyzed mixtures, the combustion was formed without complications. In addition, when increasing the percentage of bio-fuel in the mixture, increases greater or equal to 20% of the fuel consumption and power losses in the range of 40% were identified. Now, with respect to the use of the process by the technology with microwaves, it was shown more efficient for the production of the same Conclusions: With the methodology applied, it was determined that for the B20 mixture, the power values were the most stable in terms of thermal efficiency. In the context of the comparison of the standard fuels, Colombian and Venezuelan diesel, submitted under the same operating conditions, it was obtained that the Venezuelan diesel type fuel presents better performance characteristics in terms of power, torque, and thermal stability. With respect to the specific consumption of the fuel obtained, the increase is observed with a higher percentage of biodiesel mixture, this being directly proportional to the loss of power.