Analisis vegetasi habitat anggrek di sekitar danau tambing kawasan taman nasional lore lindu

Assessing resilience/sensitivity of tropical mountain rainforests towards climate variability of the last 1500 years: The long-term perspective at Lake Kalimpaa (Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Abstract: The tropical montane rainforests of the Lore Lindu National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia provide many ecosystem services for the population inhabiting the area and harbor unique biodiversity in a key area for phytogeography. The mountain regions of Central Sulawesi experience perhumid climate conditions with few seasonal changes in precipitation, making the vegetation a possible sensitive target for future changes of precipitation patterns. The ecological consequences are hard to predict due to the lack of knowledge of the dynamical processes that govern these tropical forests. This research aims to shed light on the long-term response of the montane vegetation of Lore Lindu National Park to stress caused by climate variability and human activities in the past. Palynological data are used to reconstruct forest vegetation dynamics and are compared to centennial time scale data of fire frequencies, palaeorainfall proxies and regional climate reconstructions to assess the drivers of these changes. Results reveal that the Fagaceae family dominates the entire recorded period, as they still do today. Fire episodes occurred locally only ten times in the last 1500 years but two periods were characterized by higher frequencies: between ca. AD 1070 and 1200 and between ca. AD 1450 and 1660. The regional correlation of these events with periods of drought registered in Java suggests that centennial-scale increases in fire frequencies at Lake Kalimpaa were consequences of the vegetation being more prone to fire, probably due to more frequent or more intense El Nino events. In both cases Fagaceae did not decrease, indicating resilience towards droughts and fires of at least one species of that family. Following the first period of increased fire frequencies, the vegetation went through a long secondary forest phase lasting about two and a half centuries (ca. AD 1200–1450). Weinmannia was co-dominant together with Lithocarpus/Castanopsis . The second period of increased fire frequencies corresponds to a phase when records across the tropics show that the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) was displaced to the south. High effective rainfall enhanced the growing of swamp taxa like Pandanus around the lake. Human–landscape interactions are evident only starting from the 20th century (from ca. 1950 to present) with Weinmannia rising probably due to the logging of emergent Agathis trees and/or landslides caused by the construction of the road which today passes near the lake. In general, palynological diversity values indicate that within-landscape diversity (Whittaker's gamma diversity) decreased when fires increased. Palynological rate of change and compositional turnover indicate that the vegetation communities were more resilient to fire disturbance during period of high rainfall. A different trend is apparent starting from the second half of the 20th century, suggesting a change in the dynamical response of the vegetation communities to forest fires, possibly as a consequence of increasing human activities around the lake. The emergent tree Agathis , while being more responsive to long-term rainfall variability in the past, did not reestablish itself following the years of intensive selective logging in the second part of the last century. These findings improve our knowledge of the long-term ecology of Central Sulawesi, one of the world's hotspots of biodiversity.

Diversity and Distribution of Myrmecophytes in Bengkulu Province

Abstract: Myrmecophyte is a common medicinal plant used by local people in Indonesia for treating various diseases especially in Papua. Bengkulu province is one of the Myrmecophyte habitats, but there has no report on its identity and distribution. The objectives of this research were to identify the diversity and analyze the Myrmecophytes distribution as well as factor affecting its presence. This study used purposive sampling method by exploring the area where Myrmecophytes commonly found. The Myrmecophyte distribution based on host tree was analyzed using Morishita index and the autecological analysis of abiotic factors was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from Minitab 16. The results of this research showed that there were two species of Myrmecophytes in Bengkulu province, namely Hydnophytum formicarum and Myrmecodia tuberosa , as well as two variants of M. tuberosa i.e. M. tuberosa ‘armata’ and M. tuberosa ‘siberutensis’. The distribution of Myrmecophytes based on host tree was mostly randomly scattered in Central Bengkulu regency, Seluma, North Bengkulu, South Bengkulu, and Kaur. Their distributions were affected by light intensity and temperature. The data of this research can be used as basic information for carried out conservation efforts in Bengkulu province. The abundance of Myrmecophytes is also used as a source of additional income for local people in Bengkulu province.

Species Richness and Habitat Suitability of Myrmecophytes in Bengkulu : Host Tree, Coexist Epiphytes and Animals

Abstract: Myrmecophytes or locally known as simbagh utak are common medicinal plants used by locals in Bengkulu, especially in South Bengkulu, for treating various diseases. Despite their potential as medicines, there is no report on biotic factors can be used to indicate of Myrmecophytes species’ richness and habitat suitability. The objectives of this research were to analyze the Myrmecophytes’ species richness and habitat suitability. This study used the purposive sampling method by exploring the area where Myrmecophytes were commonly found. The biotic factors of Myrmecophytes were analyzed by identifying the tree host, the other epiphyte plant grew around them, and animal occupants on the tuber of the Myrmecophytes. The Myrmecophytes distribution was analyzed by using ArcGIS10.1. The results showed that there were two species of Myrmecophytes, namely Hydnophytum formicarum and Myrmecodia tuberosa in the study area. The Myrmecophytes attached and hung in 9 species of host trees . The characteristics of host trees are high trees with large diameter, mostly rough-barked; some were cracked and mossy. The highest frequency of host trees included Hevea brasiliensis and Durio zibethinus . Myrmecophytes coexisted with 12 species of epiphytes. Epiphyte plants like Dendrobium sp. and Drymoglossum piloselloides can be used to indicate the presence of Myrmecophytes. Ants made up the most predominantly animal found living inside the tubers of Myrmecophytes, with some cockroaches and termites found at the tuber of Hydnophytum. Information on species' richness and habitat suitability of Myrmecophytes can serve as supporting data for conservation efforts in Bengkulu to prevent the extinction of this species.

STUDI HABITAT MONYET BOTI (Macaca tonkeana) DI HUTAN LINDUNG DESA SANGGINORA KECAMATAN POSO PESISIR SELATAN KABUPATEN POSO

Abstract: Few studies have explicitly determine the habitat of monyet boti ( Macaca tonkeana ) in nature reserve areas in Central Sulawesi. The outcome of this research is to give basic information concerning the conservation and captivation of Macaca tonkeana as an endemic and endangered animal in Sulawesi. Here in, we reported upon the results of the habitat of Macaca tonkeana in protection forest area, Sangginora village, Poso Pesisir Selatan district, Poso, Central Sulawesi.The study was conducted on March through May 2014. Five sample plots were made by the size of 20 x 20 m. Ploting was done by purposive sampling method. Hence vegetation date were analysed to determine the density, frequency, dominant, and Importance Value Index. The results showed that there were 40 plant species comprising 25 families in this area. Four plants species were used by Macaca tonkeana as food sources. The highest important value index (IVI) was achieved by Ficus sp (45,43%), while the lowest Important value index was achieved by Melochia umbellate and Rapanea spec (6,75%). Nunu ( Ficus sp ) is an important source of food, especially the fruit, parts of the plant are eaten fruit and leaves. Further more, the abiotic condition of the habitat including; temperature (24oC-27oC) and relative humidity (69%-72%) and located at 747 m asl. Keywords: Habitat, Macaca tonkeana , Protection forest, Important Value Index.

JENIS-JENIS ANGGREK EPIFIT( Orchidaceae ) DI DESA KOTO TINGGI KECAMATAN RAMBAH KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU

Abstract: The study aims to determine the tipes of epiphytic ferm in Orchids (Orchidaceae) in the village the koto Tinggi Kecamatan Rambah Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. This research has been conducted on November to Desember 2015 with the method survey to the location research directly. Orchid which in be later identified with described the types of Orchids obtained. The result of research in can get one the family (Orchidaceae), 3 species and 12 individual. As for the types of Orchids obtained which are (Arachis flos-aeris, Cymbidium finlaysonium and Dendrobium crumenatum).

Jenis Anggrek (Orchidaceae) di Tau Lumbis, Nunukan, Propinsi Kalimantan Timur: Sebagai Indikator Terhadap Kondisi Kawasan Hutan

Abstract: Telah dilakukan penelitian keanekaragaman flora anggrek epifit dan terestrial dari dua lokasi sebagai indikator terhadap kondisis kawasan hutan di sekitar Tau Lumbis Kalimantan-Timur (Manukon dan Kabungolor). Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan April 2009 dengan menggunakan metode plot kuadrat ukuran 10 x 500 m (0,5 ha). Hasil studi ini telah berhasil diidentifikasi 18 jenis dari 15 marga dengan total kerapatan sebanyak 289 rumpun/0,5 ha. Anggrek epifit sebanyak 14 jenis dan terestrial 4 jenis. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis memperlihatkan sedang (H’=1.41). Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum adalah nilai penting tertinggi di Manukon (NP=50.70 %) dan Corymborchis veratrifolia nilai penting tertinggi di Kabungolor (NP=26.32 %). Berdasarkan analisis cluster menggunakan software Biodiversity- Pro yang berdasarkan pada kerapatan dari dua lokasi dapat dibagi menjadi lima kelompok besar, dan secara umum kondisi hutan di Kabungalor lebih baik dari Manukon. Kata kunci: Jenis-jenis anggrek, Hutan, Tau Lumbis, Kalimantan Timur

KAJIAN EKOLOGI Parashorea malaanonan MERR DI HUTAN PENELITIAN LABANAN KABUPATEN BERAU, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Abstract: Parashorea malaanonan (Blco) Merr. merupakan salah satu spesies dari famili dipterokarpa dari marga Parashorea yang sudah terancam punah. Parashorea malaanonan (Blco) Merr. sudah masuk dalam daftar IUCN dengan status critically endangered , sehingga perlu dilakukan suatu penelitian mengenai kondisi ekologinya di hutan alam agar ke depannya jenis ini memiliki data yang lengkap tidak hanya data taksonomi dan penyebarannya, tapi juga informasi mengenai kondisi ekologi habitatnya, sehingga informasi mengenai jenis ini cukup lengkap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengumpulan data dan informasi mengenai kondisi ekologi Parashorea malaanonan (Blco) Merr. di hutan Penelitian Labanan, Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur. Pembuatan Plot dengan menggunakan rancangan purposive sampling dengan luas 1 hektar (100 m x 100 m) yang dibagi dalam 25 petak ukur dengan ukuran 20 m x 20 m. Pengambilan data ekologi berupa : a. Data sifat fisik tanah; b. Data sifat kimia tanah; c. Data iklim mikro; d. Data topografi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis vegetasi, berupa asosiasi jenis dan koefisien asosiasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Parashorea malaanonan (Blco) Merr. memiliki nilai penting jenis yang kecil, sifat fisik tanah yang relatif bagus baik bulk density , porositas tanah, kadar air tanah dan tekstur tanahnya, sifat kimia yang tidak terlalu bagus (pH asam,unsur makro dan mikro cukup rendah), iklim mikro dengan suhu sedang, kelembaban udara tinggi dan intensitas cahaya rendah.

KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT POHON PENGHASIL GAHARU DI BEBERAPA HUTAN TANAMAN DI JAWA BARAT (Habitat Characteristics of Gaharu Inducing Tree Species (Aquilaria spp.) in Several Forest Plantations in West Java)

Abstract: The research was aimed at collecting data and information of habitat characteristics of eaglewood (gaharuinducing tree species) in three forest plantations to support gaharu plantation development in Indonesia. The research was carried out in Carita (Banten), Dramaga (Bogor), and Kampung Tugu (Sukabumi). Observed characteristics included: topography, climate, physical and chemical characteristics of the soils. In addition, the underground vegetation were analyzed to obtain information on the underground vegetations composition of gaharu plantation. Results indicated that gaharu grew quite favourably in flat to undulating landscape, low to high temperature (20-32 o C), and high rainfall (> 1,500 mm/year), hard soil texture (clay), fast drainage, pH of about 4.5-5.1, very low to high base saturation (1.2-78.8%) and low toxic element. The dominant and co-dominant underground species in Carita were jampang (Panicum disachyum Linn.) and selaginela (Selaginella plana Hiern.), while in Dramaga were pakis (Dictyopteris irregularis Presl.) and seserehan (Piper aduncum Linn.) and in Kampung Tugu were jampang (Panicum disachyum Linn.) and rumput pait (Panicum barbatum Lamk.).

Struktur Dan Komposisi Vegetasi Pada 3 Zona Elevasi Yang Berbeda Di Taman Nasional Lore Lindu Sulawesi Tengah Indonesia

Abstract: The research on structure and floristic composition of vegetation of the Lore Lindu National Park has been conducted from October to Desember 2010. The objectives of the research was to study the vegetation potency are included species richness, structure and composition. The Research was located at three locations namely : Bora (elevation 400- 800 m asl), Nokilalaki (elevation 1300-1800 m asl) and Rorekautimbu (elevation 2100 – 2600 m asl). The research was used survey methods through establisment of transect with 20 m in wide. and in line transect was made nested plot continuously with the size of 20 X 20 m for the observation of trees (dbh> 20 cm), 10 x 10 m for poles, 5 X 5 m and 2 x 2 m to observe the saplings and understorey layer. The result showed that the plant species richness (incl. tree, pole, sapling and seedling and understory plant) in Nokilalaki was higher than Bora and Rorekautimbu. The diversity index of Nokilalaki was also higher than Bora and Rorekautimbu. The species composition and structure was indicated the significantly different, where the location I (Bora) was dominated by Dracaena arborea and Tamarindus indica , besides Nokilalaki was dominated by Lithocarpus elegans and Castanopsis accuminatisima (both Fagaceae). On the other side Rorekautimbu was dominated by Podocarpaceae family such as: Phyllocladus hypophyllus and Dracrycarpus imbricatus . All of research sites studied were very rich with plants are have potency to develop as raw material for medicine such as Begonia sp, Tasmania piperita and Galbulimima belgraveana . Besides that it was also can be developed as ornamental plant such as: Agalmailla sp (Gesneriaceae), Rhododendrons sp, Vaccinium sp (both Ericaceae) and several species of pitcher plants ( Nepenthes spp) and soon