Analysing the modal shift from road-based to coastal shipping-based distribution – a case study of outbound automotive logistics in India
TL;DR: The results of the study suggest that the current business and regulatory environment is appropriate to achieve almost one-third shift to intermodal coastal shipping, although investments in infrastructure and substantial cost reductions in ship and port operations need to be implemented to ensure further modal shift.
Abstract: This paper analyses the modal shift from a primary road-based to coastal shipping-based freight distribution. A mathematical model is developed to optimize the coastal shipping route planni...
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01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a multistage stochastic programming model was used to evaluate the potential for obtaining a modal shift from road to sea in the cargo distribution between a regional port and the surrounding customer regions, each with a given (and uncertain) future demand for cargo.
Abstract: This paper presents a multistage stochastic programming model used to evaluate the potential for obtaining a modal shift from road to sea in the cargo distribution between a regional port and the surrounding customer regions, each with a given (and uncertain) future demand for cargo. We use the port of Bergen in Norway as a case study as it has recently been decided to relocate the main cargo terminal from the city center in 2025. Analyses with the model indicate that implementing a multimodal distribution network with small electric vessels 10 years ahead will lead to slight cost reductions compared with using only trucks and reduce the road transportation need by 23%. A modal shift can be initiated at an earlier stage and reduce the road transportation further if modal shift targets are specified, without resulting in significant cost increases. What-if analyses have been conducted and indicate robustness in the obtained results.
2 citations
TL;DR: The containerized transportation mode has attracted more attention from many finished-vehicle (FV) logistics companies and ocean carriers which can provide door-to-door service and organize the mul...
Abstract: The containerized transportation mode has attracted more attention from many finished-vehicle (FV) logistics companies and ocean carriers which can provide door-to-door service and organize the mul...
1 citations
26 Sep 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the performance of road freight transport and other transport modes in terrestrial transport market and show that road freight transportation dominates the market while the other transport segments generally rely on this due to their restrictions with regard to the provision of infrastructure.
Abstract: The competition between the various transport modes is characterized by the question of economic efficiency of transport services on the one hand and (transport) policy objectives on the other hand. A comparison shows that road freight transport dominates the terrestrial transport market, while the other transport modes in this segment generally rely on this due to their restrictions with regard to the provision of a widespread infrastructure. Despite of political prioritization and massive subsidies, the intended changes in modal split are not be achieved, due to significant changes in demand structures and their spatial distribution over the last years. By technological development the importance of road freight transport will significantly increase and also of River-sea and Short Sea Shipping, while rail freight transport and also freight transport on inland waterways will significantly lose market share.
1 citations
28 Sep 2020
TL;DR: A Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model is proposed for optimizing and evaluating strategies for a modal shift in the final stage of the supply chain, i.e. the short distance final distribution from the main terminal to the customer regions.
Abstract: We study the design of a multi-modal distribution network for the transportation of incoming containers from a container terminal to nearby customer regions. The motivation for the study has been the relocation of the existing cargo terminal in the Port of Bergen, which is expected to increase the road transportation need in the region. To mitigate the consequences of increased driving distances, maritime solutions have been suggested as replacements for truck transportation, but as no such concepts currently exists, more knowledge and insight is needed. Therefore, in this paper we propose a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model for optimizing and evaluating strategies for a modal shift in the final stage of the supply chain, i.e. the short distance final distribution from the main terminal to the customer regions. We use it on the case study for the Port of Bergen to analyze whether it is possible to come up with solutions where a significant share of the distribution is done by small electric (and possibly autonomous) container ships instead of trucks. The analyses indicate that a multi-modal distribution network can be a cost-effective option for this particular case..
1 citations
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TL;DR: This work reviews research on ship routing and scheduling and related problems during the new millennium and provides four basic models in this domain and over a hundred new refereed papers on this topic during the last decade.
490 citations
"Analysing the modal shift from road..." refers background in this paper
...Several excellent surveys exist within liner shipping network design, see for instance Brouer et al. (2013), Christiansen et al. (2013) and (Meng et al. 2013)....
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TL;DR: Research on containership routing and scheduling lags behind practice, especially in the face of the fast growth of the container shipping industry and the advancement of operations research and computer technology, so this paper is to stimulate more practically relevant research in this emerging area.
Abstract: This paper reviews studies from the past 30 years that use operations research methods to tackle containership routing and scheduling problems at the strategic, tactical, and operational planning levels. These problems are first classified and summarized, with a focus on model formulations, assumptions, and algorithm design. The paper then gives an overview of studies on containership fleet size and mix, alliance strategy, and network design at the strategic level; frequency determination, fleet deployment, speed optimization, and schedule design at the tactical level; and container booking and routing and ship rescheduling at the operational level. The paper further elaborates on the needs of the liner container shipping industry and notes the gap between existing academic studies and industrial practices. Research on containership routing and scheduling lags behind practice, especially in the face of the fast growth of the container shipping industry and the advancement of operations research and computer technology. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate more practically relevant research in this emerging area.
357 citations
TL;DR: The liner-shipping network design problem is proved to be strongly NP-hard and a benchmark suite of data instances to reflect the business structure of a global liner shipping network is presented.
Abstract: The liner-shipping network design problem is to create a set of nonsimple cyclic sailing routes for a designated fleet of container vessels that jointly transports multiple commodities. The objective is to maximize the revenue of cargo transport while minimizing the costs of operation. The potential for making cost-effective and energy-efficient liner-shipping networks using operations research OR is huge and neglected. The implementation of logistic planning tools based upon OR has enhanced performance of airlines, railways, and general transportation companies, but within the field of liner shipping, applications of OR are scarce. We believe that access to domain knowledge and data is a barrier for researchers to approach the important liner-shipping network design problem. The purpose of the benchmark suite and the paper at hand is to provide easy access to the domain and the data sources of liner shipping for OR researchers in general. We describe and analyze the liner-shipping domain applied to network design and present a rich integer programming model based on services that constitute the fixed schedule of a liner shipping company. We prove the liner-shipping network design problem to be strongly NP-hard. A benchmark suite of data instances to reflect the business structure of a global liner shipping network is presented. The design of the benchmark suite is discussed in relation to industry standards, business rules, and mathematical programming. The data are based on real-life data from the largest global liner-shipping company, Maersk Line, and supplemented by data from several industry and public stakeholders. Computational results yielding the first best known solutions for six of the seven benchmark instances is provided using a heuristic combining tabu search and heuristic column generation.
237 citations
TL;DR: A solution method consisting of three phases finds both the optimal fleet and the coherent routes for the fleet by solving a set partitioning problem.
224 citations
"Analysing the modal shift from road..." refers background in this paper
...Fagerholt (1999) considers determining an optimal fleet size and mix and the design of a liner network for a feeder transportation system for transportation of containers between ports along the Norwegian ports to/from the European Continent....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the strengths and weaknesses of short sea shipping (SSS) and introduce a new approach to SSS to clarify some concepts attached to it, though a list of possible measures to utilise this mode has already been identified.
172 citations
"Analysing the modal shift from road..." refers background in this paper
...Paixaõ and Marlow (2002) discuss the strengths and weaknesses of short sea shipping with an aim to help identify the right strategies....
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