scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Analysis and modeling of impulsive noise in broad-band powerline communications

07 Aug 2002-IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEEE)-Vol. 44, Iss: 1, pp 249-258
TL;DR: A statistical model of the time behavior of random impulsive noise based on a partitioned Markov chain is developed, which is suitable for implementation in computer-based communication system simulations.
Abstract: Contrary to many other communication channels, the powerline channel does not represent an additive white Gaussian noise environment. In the frequency range from several hundred kilohertz up to 20 MHz, it is mostly dominated by narrow-band interference and impulsive noise. In particular, the impulsive noise introduces significant time variance into the powerline channel. Spectral analysis and time-domain analysis of impulsive noise give some figures of the power spectral density as well as distributions of amplitude, impulse width, and "interarrival" times in typical powerline scenarios. Furthermore, the impulse rate and the disturbance ratio of the scenarios are examined. Finally, a statistical model of the time behavior of random impulsive noise based on a partitioned Markov chain is developed, which is suitable for implementation in computer-based communication system simulations.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid and explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system.
Abstract: The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, we survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid. We explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also propose possible future directions in each system. colorred{Specifically, for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem.} For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid.

2,433 citations

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: This article surveys the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid, and explores three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system.

2,337 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
16 May 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of what PLC can deliver today by surveying its history and describing the most recent technological advances in the area and discuss the main conclusions one can draw from the literature on these subjects.
Abstract: Are Power Line Communications (PLC) a good candidate for Smart Grid applications? The objective of this paper is to address this important question. To do so, we provide an overview of what PLC can deliver today by surveying its history and describing the most recent technological advances in the area. We then address Smart Grid applications as instances of sensor networking and network control problems and discuss the main conclusions one can draw from the literature on these subjects. The application scenario of PLC within the Smart Grid is then analyzed in detail. Because a necessary ingredient of network planning is modeling, we also discuss two aspects of engineering modeling that relate to our question. The first aspect is modeling the PLC channel through fading models. The second aspect we review is the Smart Grid control and traffic modeling problem which allows us to achieve a better understanding of the communications requirements. Finally, this paper reports recent studies on the electrical and topological properties of a sample power distribution network. Power grid topological studies are very important for PLC networking as the power grid is not only the information source but also the information delivery system-a unique feature when PLC is used for the Smart Grid.

1,084 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art dc microgrid technology that covers ac interfaces, architectures, possible grounding schemes, power quality issues, and communication systems is presented.
Abstract: To meet the fast-growing energy demand and, at the same time, tackle environmental concerns resulting from conventional energy sources, renewable energy sources are getting integrated in power networks to ensure reliable and affordable energy for the public and industrial sectors However, the integration of renewable energy in the ageing electrical grids can result in new risks/challenges, such as security of supply, base load energy capacity, seasonal effects, and so on Recent research and development in microgrids have proved that microgrids, which are fueled by renewable energy sources and managed by smart grids (use of smart sensors and smart energy management system), can offer higher reliability and more efficient energy systems in a cost-effective manner Further improvement in the reliability and efficiency of electrical grids can be achieved by utilizing dc distribution in microgrid systems DC microgrid is an attractive technology in the modern electrical grid system because of its natural interface with renewable energy sources, electric loads, and energy storage systems In the recent past, an increase in research work has been observed in the area of dc microgrid, which brings this technology closer to practical implementation This paper presents the state-of-the-art dc microgrid technology that covers ac interfaces, architectures, possible grounding schemes, power quality issues, and communication systems The advantages of dc grids can be harvested in many applications to improve their reliability and efficiency This paper also discusses benefits and challenges of using dc grid systems in several applications This paper highlights the urgent need of standardizations for dc microgrid technology and presents recent updates in this area

505 citations


Cites background from "Analysis and modeling of impulsive ..."

  • ...Available communication technologies that can be suitable for WAN applications are Fiber Optics, WiMAX, PLC and Cellular [97]–[99], [106], [108], [109]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present appropriate power line channel models, which form the basis for the design of a channel emulator, which turns out to be extremely helpful for various tests and comparison of performance of different communication systems.
Abstract: The development of power line communication systems requires detailed knowledge of the channel properties, such as transfer function, interference scenario, and channel capacity in order to choose suitable transmission methods. This article presents appropriate power line channel models, which form the basis for the design of a channel emulator. Such a device turns out to be extremely helpful for various tests and the comparison of performance of different communication systems. A basic estimation of the power line channel capacity clearly demonstrates their enormous potential for high-speed communication purposes. Eventually, an evaluation of different modulation schemes is carried to optimize PLC system design.

398 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method is described for the minimization of a function of n variables, which depends on the comparison of function values at the (n 41) vertices of a general simplex, followed by the replacement of the vertex with the highest value by another point.
Abstract: A method is described for the minimization of a function of n variables, which depends on the comparison of function values at the (n 41) vertices of a general simplex, followed by the replacement of the vertex with the highest value by another point. The simplex adapts itself to the local landscape, and contracts on to the final minimum. The method is shown to be effective and computationally compact. A procedure is given for the estimation of the Hessian matrix in the neighbourhood of the minimum, needed in statistical estimation problems.

27,271 citations


"Analysis and modeling of impulsive ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...[ 17 ] V. Daniele, M. Gilli, and S. Pignari, “EMC prediction model of a single...

    [...]

  • ...Applying a modified Nelder‐Mead‐Simplex algorithm [ 17 ] to measured data of both IAT and impulse width leads to the determination of the elements of the matrices and , respectively (see Table III)....

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: This new book provides a broad perspective of spectral estimation techniques and their implementation concerned with spectral estimation of discretespace sequences derived by sampling continuousspace signals.

2,731 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The capacity C of the model channel exceeds the capacity C(sym. bin.) of a memoryless symmetric binary channel with the same error probability; however, the difference is slight for some values of h, p, P; then, time-division encoding schemes may be fairly efficient.
Abstract: A model of a burst-noise binary channel uses a Markov chain with two states G and B. In state G, transmission is error-free. In state B, the channel has only probability h of transmitting a digit correctly. For suitably small values of the probabilities, p, P of the B $rA G and G $rA B transitions, the model simulates burst-noise channels. Probability formulas relate the parameters p, P, h to easily measured statistics and provide run distributions for comparison with experimental measurements. The capacity C of the model channel exceeds the capacity C(sym. bin.) of a memoryless symmetric binary channel with the same error probability. However, the difference is slight for some values of h, p, P; then, time-division encoding schemes may be fairly efficient.

2,406 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the error structure on communication channels used for data transmission may be so complex as to preclude the feasibility of accurately predicting the performance of given codes when employed on these channels.
Abstract: The error structure on communication channels used for data transmission may be so complex as to preclude the feasibility of accurately predicting the performance of given codes when employed on these channels. Use of an approximate error rate as an estimate of performance allows the complex statistics of errors to be reduced to a manageable table of parameters and used in an economical evaluation of large collections of error detecting codes. Exemplary evaluations of error detecting codes on the switched telephone network are included in this paper. On channels which may be represented by Gilbert's model of a burst-noise channel, the probabilities of error or of retransmission may be calculated without approximations for both error correcting and error detecting codes

1,273 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the error-free run and error-cluster distributions are derived for binary communication channels using functions of finite-state Markov chains, and a simple class of models is investigated and shown experimentally to be capable of representing HF radio statistics.
Abstract: The characterization of binary communication channels using functions of finite-state Markov chains is considered. Two distributions which are relevant to code evaluation, i.e., the error-free run and error-cluster distributions, are derived. It is shown for an N -state model, partitioned into a group of k error-free states and N-k error states, that the general form of the error-free run distribution is the weighted sum of at most k exponentials, and that of the error-cluster distribution the weighted sum of at most N-k exponentials. As evidence of the capability of such models to characterize real communication channels, a simple class of models is investigated and shown experimentally to be capable of representing HF radio statistics.

438 citations