Analysis, modeling, design and implementation of average current mode control for interleaved boost converter
22 Apr 2013-pp 280-285
TL;DR: Small signal modeling approach is used to develop an analytical model for average current-mode controlled interleaved boost converter and the experimental results are presented to evaluate the derived model and performance of designed controller.
Abstract: In high power applications, parallel operation of boost converters is recommended. These paralleled boost converters can be operated in interleaved mode. Interleaved mode of operation improves the steady state and dynamic performance of the system. In this work, small signal modeling approach is used to develop an analytical model for average current-mode controlled interleaved boost converter. The controller is designed and implemented for a 500 W interleaved boost converter prototype. The experimental results are presented to evaluate the derived model and performance of designed controller.
Citations
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01 Oct 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, three control strategies for a wide bandgap bidirectional DC-DC converter (BDC) are introduced and combined to improve the vehicle traction system performance, and a feed-forward control algorithm is proposed to reduce the voltage ripple of DC-link capacitor located between the BDC and traction inverter.
Abstract: In this paper, three control strategies for a wide band-gap bidirectional DC-DC converter (BDC) are introduced and combined to improve the vehicle traction system performance. A feed-forward control algorithm is proposed to reduce the voltage ripple of DC-link capacitor located between the BDC and traction inverter. Through voltage control of the BDC, both three-phase short and uncontrolled generator operation may be avoided for an improved fault tolerant response of the interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor drive system. With coordinated control of the converter output voltage, the traction system efficiency can be improved, when compared with constant DC bus voltage operation. The proposed control algorithms are validated through simulation and experiment.
1 citations
DOI•
TL;DR: In this article , a decoupling power balancing strategy with reduced current sensors for the two phase interleaved neutral point clamped DC/DC converter (NPCDC) applied in energy storage system (ESS).
Abstract: This paper proposes a decoupling power balancing strategy with reduced current sensors for the two phase interleaved neutral point clamped DC/DC converter (NPCDC) applied in energy storage system (ESS). With the analysis of the NPCDC operation principle, an equivalent two voltage level analysis method is derived. On this basis, the power balancing strategy based on the total current time-sharing sampling method is proposed. Compared with the traditional strategy, the proposed strategy only requires two current sensors, reducing the number of current sensors by half. Meanwhile, the power balancing control is decoupled with output voltage control and capacitor voltage balancing control, which is helpful to simply the controller design. The small signal model of the proposed strategy based on the equivalent two voltage level analysis method is studied, and the controller design method is also presented in the paper. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through an energy storage experimental platform, and the experimental results are presented and discussed.
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Power electronics opportunities provided by PSIM software and high performance DSP are presented and more emphasis to the theoretical treatment of linear and nonlinear power factor controllers has been given.
Abstract: Rapid prototyping of control is one of the most important technologies for designers and researchers to shorten design and testing of control algorithms. This paper presents power electronics opportunities provided by PSIM software and high performance DSP. The field of application examined is the motor control and switching mode power supplies. In particular more emphasis to the theoretical treatment of linear and nonlinear power factor controllers has been given and the performances of examined algorithms in both the simulated and the real world have been verified. Finally, a good matching between the results of these two configurations has been documented.
Cites methods from "Analysis, modeling, design and impl..."
...To get equal input current sharing many proposals have been studied: programming average current technique [26], current control mode, master-slave configuration [24], [25]....
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Dissertation•
10 Oct 2018
TL;DR: This thesis proposes the deployment of generation and storage in both buses, with a bidirectional interface for optimizing power balance in both bus, and proposes a means for a smooth transition of the modes of operation of RESs, such as photovoltaic (PV), which employ V vs. I curves with three regions.
Abstract: The existing power system is based on a centralized approach. Large power plants produce AC electricity that is transmitted over long distances for distribution to the consumers. To meet a higher load demand, the entire system has to be upgraded, which is costly and acquiring rights of way can take decades. Another approach, called distributed generation, is the deployment of smaller generation units closer to the users. This can be based on renewable energy sources (RESs) that mitigate the environmental impact of power generation. However, the stochastic nature of RESs can lead to power quality issues in the distribution system. This can be addressed with the addition of energy storage units and controlling the system as a cluster or a microgrid.
This concept can be extended for small buildings and residences, called nanogrids, offering a means for the realization of net-zero energy homes (NZEHs). These can be AC or DC, but the latter looks more promising since most RESs suitable for NZEHs provide a DC output and DC-DC interfaces tend to present a higher efficiency than their DC-AC counterparts. DC nanogrids also favor the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and are compatible with modern, electronically controlled, appliances. To date, there are no standards concerning the number of buses and voltage levels of DC nanogrids. The control structure of DC micro and nanogrids, can be based on a hierarchical approach where the primary control level relies on locally measured quantities. This allows a decentralized operation of interfaces using the DC bus voltage as a communication means and V vs. I curves, with specific parameters, for coordination of operation, a method known as DC bus signaling (DBS).
There are several aspects of DC nanogrids for NZEHs that deserve further investigation and are addressed in this thesis. These include a means for a smooth transition of the modes of operation of RESs, such as photovoltaic (PV), which employ V vs. I curves with three regions. This can minimize the DC bus voltage variations as the system adjusts to variations in load demand and power generation due to varying solar irradiances. The use of supercapacitors (SCs) along with batteries in hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) can mitigate the impact of high and fast current variations on the losses and lifetime of the battery units. However, by controlling the HESS as a single unit, one forfeits the potential contribution of the SC and its high power capabilities to dynamically improve voltage regulation in a DC nanogrid. This can be achieved by controlling the SC and battery independently without sacrificing the support the battery receives from the SC. Finally, although dual DC bus nanogrids have been advocated by industry associations, they are conceived to have power sources and storage units only in the high voltage (HV) bus. The low voltage (LV) bus is fed through a unidirectional converter, making it vulnerable to a fault in a single element. This thesis proposes the deployment of generation and storage in both buses, with a bidirectional interface for optimizing power balance in both buses. The techniques proposed in this thesis are verified by means of simulation or experimental results.
27 Jun 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, a sliding surface consisting of both voltage and current error is presented based on the discrete time state-space model of the system for tracking sinusoidal and triangular voltage reference signals.
Abstract: Small-signal modeling technique fails in capturing operating point variation in a dc-dc converter model. A sample average current mode controller design is used to highlight this difficulty for a time-varying voltage reference tracking problem. Sliding mode controller design based on the large signal model of the system is studied as an alternative for such problems. A sliding surface consisting of both voltage and current error is presented based on the discrete time state-space model of the system. Simulation and experimental results validate the performance of sliding mode controller in a boost converter for tracking sinusoidal and triangular voltage reference signals. The performance of the system under load variations is also presented.
References
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Book•
31 Jul 1997
TL;DR: Converters in Equilibrium, Steady-State Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Losses, and Efficiency, and Power and Harmonics in Nonsinusoidal Systems.
Abstract: Preface. 1. Introduction. I: Converters in Equilibrium. 2. Principles of Steady State Converter Analysis. 3. Steady-State Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Losses, and Efficiency. 4. Switch Realization. 5. The Discontinuous Conduction Mode. 6. Converter Circuits. II: Converter Dynamics and Control. 7. AC Equivalent Circuit Modeling. 8. Converter Transfer Functions. 9. Controller Design. 10. Input Filter Design. 11. AC and DC Equivalent Circuit Modeling of the Discontinuous Conduction Mode. 12. Current Programmed Control. III: Magnetics. 13. Basic Magnetics Theory. 14. Inductor Design. 15. Transformer Design. IV: Modern Rectifiers and Power System Harmonics. 16. Power and Harmonics in Nonsinusoidal Systems. 17. Line-Commutated Rectifiers. 18. Pulse-Width Modulated Rectifiers. V: Resonant Converters. 19. Resonant Conversion. 20. Soft Switching. Appendices: A. RMS Values of Commonly-Observed Converter Waveforms. B. Simulation of Converters. C. Middlebrook's Extra Element Theorem. D. Magnetics Design Tables. Index.
6,136 citations
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: Average current mode control may be used effectively to control currents other than inductor current, allowing a much broader range of topological application.
Abstract: Current mode control as usually implemented in switching power supplies actually senses and controls peak inductor current. This gives rise to many serious problems, including poor noise immunity, a need for slope compensation, and peak-to-average current errors which the inherently low current loop gain cannot correct. Average current mode control eliminates these problems and may be used effectively to control currents other than inductor current, allowing a much broader range of topological application.
611 citations
"Analysis, modeling, design and impl..." refers background in this paper
...Steady state gain and noise immunity are high in ACC [8]....
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...ACC is free from instability problems unlike peak current mode control which requires slope compensation to make it stable at duty ratio D > 0.5....
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...The control structure for ACC of interleaved boost converter shown in Fig.1 consists of two current loop controllers (HiL1(s), HiL2(s)) and one voltage loop controller (Hv(s))....
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...Average current-mode control (ACC) is well established and it has advantages of achieving higher bandwidths when compared to voltage mode control [7]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a small-signal model for the average current-mode control method is developed, which is suitable for applications where the average inductor current needs to be controlled, as in power factor correction circuits and battery charger dischargers.
Abstract: A recently proposed average current-mode control method is analyzed. A complete small-signal model for the control scheme is developed. The model is accurate up to half the switching frequency. This control scheme is suitable for applications where the average inductor current needs to be controlled, as in power factor correction circuits and battery charger dischargers. The subharmonic oscillation, commonly found in peak current-mode control, also exists in this method. This subharmonic oscillation can be eliminated by properly choosing the proper gain of the compensation network in the current loop. Model predictions are confirmed experimentally. >
347 citations
"Analysis, modeling, design and impl..." refers methods in this paper
...State space averaging method is used to obtain small signal model of the converter [9]-[11]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a multidevice structure with interleaved control is proposed to reduce the input current ripples, the output voltage ripples and the size of passive components with high efficiency compared with the other topologies.
Abstract: Multiphase converter topologies for use in high-performance applications have received increasing interest in recent years. This paper proposes a novel multidevice interleaved boost converter (MDIBC) that interfaces the fuel cell with the powertrain of hybrid electric vehicles. In this research, a multidevice structure with interleaved control is proposed to reduce the input current ripples, the output voltage ripples, and the size of passive components with high efficiency compared with the other topologies. In addition, low EMI and low stress in the switches are expected. The proposed dc/dc converter is compared to other converter topologies such as conventional boost converter (BC), multidevice boost converter (MDBC), and two-phase interleaved boost converter (IBC) to verify its dynamic performance. Furthermore, a generalized small-signal model is derived for these dc/dc converters, which has not been previously discussed. A digital dual-loop control is designed to achieve the proper regulator for the converters with fast transient response. The dc/dc converter topologies and their controller are designed and investigated by using MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the proposed converter (MDIBC) is experimentally validated with results obtained from a 30-kW prototype that has been built and tested in our laboratory based on TMS320F2808 DSP. The simulation and experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed converter is more efficient than other dc/dc converter topologies in achieving high performance and reliability for high-power dc/dc converters.
322 citations
"Analysis, modeling, design and impl..." refers background in this paper
...These paralleled converters can be operated in interleaved mode [3]&[4], where interleaving is process of operating boost converters in parallel, with a phase shift between their gate drive signals....
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14 Mar 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a straight-forward averaged modeling method is proposed, and the resulting models are shown to be accurate enough for practical design purpose for PWM converters with average current control.
Abstract: This paper addresses modeling and practical design issues for PWM converters with average current control. A straight-forward averaged modeling method is proposed, and the resulting models are shown to be accurate enough for practical design purpose. Limitations of previously published models that incorporate sampling effect are discussed. The proposed averaged model is then applied for stability analysis and control design. In particular, conditions under which switching instability may occur are identified, and design method that avoids the instability problem is presented. The proposed modeling and design methods are demonstrated and further validated by a prototype synchronous-switch buck converter with 5 V input and 2 V output.
135 citations