Journal Article•
Analysis of a Model for Hepatitis C Virus Transmission that Includes the Effects of Vaccination and Waning Immunity
01 Jan 2017-WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics archive (World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society)-Vol. 16
TL;DR: It is shown that the use of only a perfect vaccine can eliminate backward bifurcation completely and a unique endemic equilibrium of the model is proved to be globally asymptotically stable under certain restrictions on the parameter values.
Abstract: This paper considers a mathematical model based on the transmission dynamics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In addition to the usual compartments for susceptible, exposed, and infected individuals, this model includes compartments for individuals who are under treatment and those who have had vaccination for HCV. It is assumed that the immunity provided by the vaccine fades with time. The basic reproduction number, R0, and the equilibrium solutions of the model are determined. The model exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation where a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with a stable endemic equilibrium whenever R0 is less than unity. It is shown that only the use of a perfect vaccine can eliminate backward bifurcation completely. Furthermore, a unique endemic equilibrium of the model is proved to be globally asymptotically stable under certain restrictions on the parameter values. Numerical simulation results are given to support the theoretical predictions
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TL;DR: A great strength of the subject of pathology is that it bonds strongly with many other medical sciences and specialties and thus occupies the top spot in the field.
Abstract: Pathologic Basis of Diseaseby Stanley L. Robbins is really the fourth edition of hisPathology. Appropriate updating and addition enhance the otherwise identical format, sequence, writing, and illustrations. So many medical students have benefited from this source that it may be the best known general book in the field. I recommend it even more now. Like his former texts, this will be enjoyed for its readability. He clearly lays out a great deal of information. When he includes minutiae, the reasons are clear and one feels that all the material is pertinent. Robbins keeps the whole field in perspective—that is, he does not dwell so long or so heavily on pathologic anatomy or pathogenesis as to tempt the reader to overlook clinical presentation or prognosis. A great strength of the subject of pathology is that it bonds strongly with many other medical sciences and specialties and thus occupies the
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Book•
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The objective is to establish an experimental procedure and show direct AFM progression from EMT to EMT using a simple, straightforward, and reproducible procedure.
Abstract: Pathologic basis of disease , Pathologic basis of disease , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
5,162 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model is formulated to describe the spread of hepatitis B. The model is applied to HBV transmission in China and the parameter values of the model are estimated based on available HBV epidemic data in China approximately.
46 citations
"Analysis of a Model for Hepatitis C..." refers background in this paper
...Several epidemiological models have focused on the effects of preventive measures as well as control of HBV infection (Zhang and Zhou 2012)....
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TL;DR: HBcAg can be used as an immuno-carrier of vaccine, the fusion of HBcAg-T protein could induce stronger cellular immune responses and it might be a candidate for therapeutic vaccines specific for HCV.
Abstract: AIM: To develop hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine using HBcAg as the immuno-carrier to express HCV T epitope and to investigate its immunogenicity in mice.
METHODS: We constructed the plasmid pTrc-coreNheI using gene engineering technique, constructed the pcDNA3.1-coreNheI-GFP plasmid with GFP as the reporter gene, and transfected them into Hela cells. The expression of GFP was observed under confocal microscopy and the feasibility of using HBcAg as an immuno-carrier vaccine was studied. pTrc-core gene with a synthetic T epitope antigen gene of HCV (35-44aa) was fused and expressed in the plasmid pTrc-core-HCV (T). For the fusion of the HBcAg-T protein, sucrose, density gradient centrifugation was used, and its molecular weight and purity were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Then balb/c mice were immunized by the plasmid with the HBcAg (expressed by pTrc-core) protein as control. The tumor regression potential was investigated in mice and evaluated at appropriate time. After three times of immunization, the peripheral blood and spleen of vaccinated mice were collected. HBcAb was detected by ELISA, and nonspecific T lymphocyte proliferation and response of splenocytes were respectively examined by MTT assay. T cell subset of blood and spleen were detected by FACS.
RESULTS: GFP was successfully expressed. Tumor regression trial showed that no tumor formation was found in the group receiving immunization, while tumor xenograft progression was not changed in the control group. Strong nonspecific lymphocyte proliferation response was induced. FACS also showed that the ratio of CD8+ T cells in the experimental group was higher than the controls, but the serum HBcAb in experimental group was similar to the control.
CONCLUSION: HBcAg can be used as an immuno-carrier of vaccine, the fusion of HBcAg-T protein could induce stronger cellular immune responses and it might be a candidate for therapeutic vaccines specific for HCV.
16 citations
"Analysis of a Model for Hepatitis C..." refers background in this paper
...At present, various attempts are being made to create such a vaccine (Chen and Li 2006)....
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