Analysis of dense phase pneumatic conveying of fly ash using CFD including particle size distribution

doi:10.1080/02726351.2020.1727592

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Analysis of dense phase pneumatic conveying of fly ash using CFD including particle size distribution

Journal Article•DOI•

Analysis of dense phase pneumatic conveying of fly ash using CFD including particle size distribution

Yassin Alkassar¹, Vijay K. Agarwal¹, Raj K. Pandey¹, Niranjana Behera²•Institutions (2)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi¹, VIT University²

04 Mar 2021-Particulate Science and Technology (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 39, Iss: 3, pp 322-337

TL;DR: In this paper, the flow of fly ash in fluidized dense phase pneumatic conveying through a section of pipeline having uniform pipe diameter has been modeled and analyzed using Computational Fluid Dy...

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Abstract: In this paper, the flow of fly ash in fluidized dense phase pneumatic conveying through a section of pipeline having uniform pipe diameter has been modeled and analyzed using Computational Fluid Dy...

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Journal Article•DOI•

Influence of particle attrition on erosive wear of bends in dilute phase pneumatic conveying

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Yassin Alkassar¹, Vijay K. Agarwal¹, Raj K. Pandey, Niranjana Behera²•Institutions (2)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi¹, VIT University²

15 Jul 2021-Wear

TL;DR: In this article, the authors have carried out an extensive experimental plan to study the influence of recirculation of material on the erosion of bends and attrition of particles in conventional pneumatic conveying systems.

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8 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Performance prediction of pneumatic conveying of powders using artificial neural network method

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J S Shijo¹, Niranjana Behera¹•Institutions (1)

VIT University¹

01 Aug 2021-Powder Technology

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used ANN to predict the pneumatic conveying performance of powders in high and low air velocities, respectively, and used three different training methods: Levenberg Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization and Scaled Conjugate Gradient.

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7 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A comprehensive evaluation of the anti-erosion characteristics of several new structural elbows in the pneumatic conveying system

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Zihan Guo, Jun Heng Zhang, Hui Li, Hong-zhou He

01 Nov 2022-Powder Technology

TL;DR: In this paper , three types of elbow structures with circumferentially distributed bionic transverse grooves, bionic ribs, and a single rib on the inner wall are proposed.

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4 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Numerical simulation of pneumatic conveying characteristics of micron particles in horizontal pipe

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Si Qin, Xiaojun Zhou

28 Jun 2021

TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model for the pneumatic transport of micron silica particles in the dust removal pipeline is established, and the gas-solid two-phase flow in the pipeline is numerically simulated.

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Abstract: In this paper, a mathematical model for the pneumatic transport of micron silica particles in the dust removal pipeline is established, and the gas-solid two-phase flow in the pipeline is numerically simulated. This paper is mainly based on the FLUENT fluid simulation module in ANSYS WORKBENCH to simulate the motion behavior of particles in the pipeline, and obtained the penetration rate (particle deposition rate in pneumatic conveying) of silica particles in the horizontal straight pipe under different gas flow rates. In the numerical simulation, the influence of particle diameter, shape, lift and other factors on silica particles was considered. Under a large number of simulation conditions, the movement laws of micron silica particles in horizontal pipe pneumatic transport were obtained, and the influence of the above factors on the movement laws of the particles were determined.

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3 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Fluidized dense phase pneumatic conveying: a review

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Niranjana Behera, Yassin Alkassar, Vijay K. Agarwal, R. Pandey

25 Jun 2022-Particulate Science and Technology

TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the flow of fine powders in the fluidized dense phase, and the performance of the pneumatic conveying system was based on modeling solids friction factor which was used for determining conveying line pressure drop.

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Abstract: Abstract The focus of investigations and research has been shifted in the past decade from conveying bulk materials in dilute phase flow at high velocity to dense phase flow at low conveying air velocity. Dense phase flow offers much less operational problems, such as wear and product attrition, and offers low specific power consumption. It, therefore, enhances the life of pneumatic conveying pipelines and associated components. However, the complete phenomenon of the flow mechanism of fine powder in fluidized dense phase pneumatic conveying has not been exactly explored. It necessitates an understanding of the flow behaviors of a fine powder, factors affecting the flow mechanisms, and approaches to model it. The present work describes the evaluation and assessment of the flow of fine powders in the fluidized dense phase. The performance of the pneumatic conveying system was based on modeling solids friction factor which was used for determining conveying line pressure drop. The predicted results provided by these approaches proved to be inaccurate compared to those of data collected from actual plants. Further, the numerical modeling methods to predict pressure drop for small length pipeline, difficulties, and recent progress in gas-solid prediction investigations are discussed as well. Finally, a Bypass dense phase conveying system which has many advantages over the conventional one has been presented.

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2 citations

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Fluid Flow Through Packed Columns

[...]

S. Ergun

01 Jan 1952

6,655 citations

"Analysis of dense phase pneumatic c..." refers background or methods or result in this paper

...The capability of CFD for predicting pressure drop in dense phase pneumatic conveying has been studied by Ratnayake and Datta (2005). In their study, the three-dimensional model based on the Eulerian approach has been developed in FLUENT software for simulating the flow of Ilmenite and Cement across the bend. The predicted and experimental pressure drop results were in a good agreement within ±15% variation indicating that FLUENT software has potential in modeling gas–solid flow in the pneumatic conveying system. Ratnayake, Melaaen, and Datta (2004) used a Eulerian granular framework to simulate the flow of Barite across the bend in a dense phase pneumatic conveying system using the commercial FLUENT software. The predicted results were in a considerable degree of accuracy with experimental data. Moreover, Patro (2018) numerically studied the characterization of gas–solid behavior in the horizontal pipeline of a pneumatic conveying system using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach accounting four-way coupling. It is found that the numerical pressure drop results increased with gas velocities and solid loading ratios. The errors between numerical and experimental pressure drops were low. Also, Sun et al. (2018) conducted a simulation for particle flow in a dense phase pneumatic conveying system. They developed a model of dense phase conveying through a horizontal bend pipe section in which the errors between predicted and experimental pressure drop were within ±10% margin. Furthermore, Rau et al. (2018) developed a model based on a two-phase continuum approach for simulating the dense phase flow of granular materials through a horizontal pneumatic conveying pipeline. The flow pattern and pressure loss curve captured from the developed model were satisfactory with the experimental data. The effect of different parameters using the EulerianEulerian approach on the simulation of pneumatic conveying has been studied by Ariyaratne et al. (2018). It is found that the simulated pressure drop raised with an increase in the specularity coefficient in the particle-wall boundary condition....
[...]
...The capability of CFD for predicting pressure drop in dense phase pneumatic conveying has been studied by Ratnayake and Datta (2005). In their study, the three-dimensional model based on the Eulerian approach has been developed in FLUENT software for simulating the flow of Ilmenite and Cement across the bend. The predicted and experimental pressure drop results were in a good agreement within ±15% variation indicating that FLUENT software has potential in modeling gas–solid flow in the pneumatic conveying system. Ratnayake, Melaaen, and Datta (2004) used a Eulerian granular framework to simulate the flow of Barite across the bend in a dense phase pneumatic conveying system using the commercial FLUENT software. The predicted results were in a considerable degree of accuracy with experimental data. Moreover, Patro (2018) numerically studied the characterization of gas–solid behavior in the horizontal pipeline of a pneumatic conveying system using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach accounting four-way coupling....
[...]
...The capability of CFD for predicting pressure drop in dense phase pneumatic conveying has been studied by Ratnayake and Datta (2005). In their study, the three-dimensional model based on the Eulerian approach has been developed in FLUENT software for simulating the flow of Ilmenite and Cement across the bend. The predicted and experimental pressure drop results were in a good agreement within ±15% variation indicating that FLUENT software has potential in modeling gas–solid flow in the pneumatic conveying system. Ratnayake, Melaaen, and Datta (2004) used a Eulerian granular framework to simulate the flow of Barite across the bend in a dense phase pneumatic conveying system using the commercial FLUENT software. The predicted results were in a considerable degree of accuracy with experimental data. Moreover, Patro (2018) numerically studied the characterization of gas–solid behavior in the horizontal pipeline of a pneumatic conveying system using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach accounting four-way coupling. It is found that the numerical pressure drop results increased with gas velocities and solid loading ratios. The errors between numerical and experimental pressure drops were low. Also, Sun et al. (2018) conducted a simulation for particle flow in a dense phase pneumatic conveying system....
[...]
...The capability of CFD for predicting pressure drop in dense phase pneumatic conveying has been studied by Ratnayake and Datta (2005). In their study, the three-dimensional model based on the Eulerian approach has been developed in FLUENT software for simulating the flow of Ilmenite and Cement across the bend. The predicted and experimental pressure drop results were in a good agreement within ±15% variation indicating that FLUENT software has potential in modeling gas–solid flow in the pneumatic conveying system. Ratnayake, Melaaen, and Datta (2004) used a Eulerian granular framework to simulate the flow of Barite across the bend in a dense phase pneumatic conveying system using the commercial FLUENT software. The predicted results were in a considerable degree of accuracy with experimental data. Moreover, Patro (2018) numerically studied the characterization of gas–solid behavior in the horizontal pipeline of a pneumatic conveying system using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach accounting four-way coupling. It is found that the numerical pressure drop results increased with gas velocities and solid loading ratios. The errors between numerical and experimental pressure drops were low. Also, Sun et al. (2018) conducted a simulation for particle flow in a dense phase pneumatic conveying system. They developed a model of dense phase conveying through a horizontal bend pipe section in which the errors between predicted and experimental pressure drop were within ±10% margin. Furthermore, Rau et al. (2018) developed a model based on a two-phase continuum approach for simulating the dense phase flow of granular materials through a horizontal pneumatic conveying pipeline. The flow pattern and pressure loss curve captured from the developed model were satisfactory with the experimental data. The effect of different parameters using the EulerianEulerian approach on the simulation of pneumatic conveying has been studied by Ariyaratne et al. (2018). It is found that the simulated pressure drop raised with an increase in the specularity coefficient in the particle-wall boundary condition. In addition, McGlinchey et al. (2007) have experimentally and numerically investigated the pressure drop of gas–solids flow through a two-bend orientation (bend in a horizontal plane and bend in the vertical plane)....
[...]
...The capability of CFD for predicting pressure drop in dense phase pneumatic conveying has been studied by Ratnayake and Datta (2005). In their study, the three-dimensional model based on the Eulerian approach has been developed in FLUENT software for simulating the flow of Ilmenite and Cement across the bend. The predicted and experimental pressure drop results were in a good agreement within ±15% variation indicating that FLUENT software has potential in modeling gas–solid flow in the pneumatic conveying system. Ratnayake, Melaaen, and Datta (2004) used a Eulerian granular framework to simulate the flow of Barite across the bend in a dense phase pneumatic conveying system using the commercial FLUENT software....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Kinetic theories for granular flow: inelastic particles in Couette flow and slightly inelastic particles in a general flowfield

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C. K. K. Lun¹, Stuart B. Savage¹, David J. Jeffrey¹, N. Chepurniy¹•Institutions (1)

McGill University¹

01 Mar 1984-Journal of Fluid Mechanics

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the flow of an idealized granular material consisting of uniform smooth, but nelastic, spherical particles using statistical methods analogous to those used in the kinetic theory of gases.

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Abstract: The flow of an idealized granular material consisting of uniform smooth, but nelastic, spherical particles is studied using statistical methods analogous to those used in the kinetic theory of gases. Two theories are developed: one for the Couette flow of particles having arbitrary coefficients of restitution (inelastic particles) and a second for the general flow of particles with coefficients of restitution near 1 (slightly inelastic particles). The study of inelastic particles in Couette flow follows the method of Savage & Jeffrey (1981) and uses an ad hoc distribution function to describe the collisions between particles. The results of this first analysis are compared with other theories of granular flow, with the Chapman-Enskog dense-gas theory, and with experiments. The theory agrees moderately well with experimental data and it is found that the asymptotic analysis of Jenkins & Savage (1983), which was developed for slightly inelastic particles, surprisingly gives results similar to the first theory even for highly inelastic particles. Therefore the ‘nearly elastic’ approximation is pursued as a second theory using an approach that is closer to the established methods of Chapman-Enskog gas theory. The new approach which determines the collisional distribution functions by a rational approximation scheme, is applicable to general flowfields, not just simple shear. It incorporates kinetic as well as collisional contributions to the constitutive equations for stress and energy flux and is thus appropriate for dilute as well as dense concentrations of solids. When the collisional contributions are dominant, it predicts stresses similar to the first analysis for the simple shear case.

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2,631 citations

Mechanics of fluidization

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C. Y. Wen

01 Jan 1966

2,170 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Instability in the evolution equations describing incompressible granular flow

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David G. Schaeffer¹•Institutions (1)

Duke University¹

01 Jan 1987-Journal of Differential Equations

TL;DR: In this paper, the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid are derived and analyzed, and the main result is that depending on geometric and material parameters, the equations governing granular flow may lead to a violent instability analogous to that for u, = u XI up ;

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1,070 citations

Additional excerpts

...The reliable design of the fluidized pneumatic conveying system is critical work because the flow is highly transient and highly turbulent (Setia and Mallick 2015)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Exact Solution of Generalized Percus-Yevick Equation for a Mixture of Hard Spheres

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Joel L. Lebowitz¹•Institutions (1)

Yeshiva University¹

17 Feb 1964-Physical Review

TL;DR: In this paper, the Percus-Yevick approximate equation for the radial distribution function of a fluid is generalized to an $m$-component mixture, which can be formulated by the method of functional Taylor expansion.

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Abstract: The Percus-Yevick approximate equation for the radial distribution function of a fluid is generalized to an $m$-component mixture. This approximation which can be formulated by the method of functional Taylor expansion, consists in setting $\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{ij}}(r)]{C}_{\mathrm{ij}}(r)$ equal to ${g}_{\mathrm{ij}}(r)[{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{ij}}(r)}\ensuremath{-}1]$, where ${C}_{\mathrm{ij}}$, ${g}_{\mathrm{ij}}$, and ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ are the direct correlation function, the radial distribution function and the binary potential between a molecule of species $i$ and $a$ molecule of species $j$. The resulting equation for ${C}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ and ${g}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ is solved exactly for a mixture of hard spheres of diameters ${R}_{i}$. The equation of state obtained from ${C}_{\mathrm{ij}}(r)$ via a generalized Ornstein-Zernike compressibility relation has the form $\frac{p}{\mathrm{kT}}={[\ensuremath{\Sigma}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{i}][1+\ensuremath{\xi}+{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{2}]\ensuremath{-}\frac{18}{\ensuremath{\pi}}\ensuremath{\Sigma}{ilj}^{}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{i}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{j}{({R}_{i}\ensuremath{-}{R}_{j})}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}[{R}_{i}+{R}_{j}+{R}_{i}{R}_{j}(\ensuremath{\Sigma}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{l}R_{l}^{}{}_{}{}^{2})]}{(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\xi})}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, where ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{i}=\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{6}$ times the density of the $i\mathrm{th}$ component and $\ensuremath{\xi}=\ensuremath{\Sigma}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{l}R_{l}^{}{}_{}{}^{3}$. This equation yields correctly the virial expansion of the pressure up to and including the third power in the densities and is in very good agreement with the available machine computations for a binary mixture. For a one-component system our solution for $C(r)$ and $g(r)$ reduces to that found previously by Wertheim and Thiele and the equation of state becomes identical with that found on the basis of different approximations by Reiss, Frisch, and Lebowitz.

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916 citations

"Analysis of dense phase pneumatic c..." refers background in this paper

...Conveying material Mean particle diameter (mm) Particle density (kg/m3) Loose-poured bulk density (kg/m3) Fly ash 15 2096 724 Lebowitz (1964) derived the radial distribution function (g0, iz) for z th solid phases of hard spheres in mixture in contact and the equation is given as follows: g0, iz ¼…...
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