Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of refill liquids for electronic cigarettes.
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TLDR
The nicotine content of electronic cigarette refill bottles is close to what is stated on the label and impurities are detectable in several brands above the level set for nicotine products in the European Pharmacopoeia, but below the level where they would be likely to cause harm.Abstract:
AIMS: To assess levels of nicotine, nicotine degradation products and some specific impurities in commercial refill liquids for electronic cigarettes. DESIGN AND SETTING: We analyzed 20 models of 10 of the most popular brands of refill liquids, using gas and liquid chromatography. MEASUREMENTS: We assessed nicotine content, content of the known nicotine degradation products and impurities, and presence of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. FINDINGS: The nicotine content in the bottles corresponded closely to the labels on the bottles. The levels of nicotine degradation products represented 0-4.4% of those for nicotine, but for most samples the level was 1-2%. Cis-N-oxide, trans-N-oxide, myosmine, anatabine and anabasine were the most common additional compounds found. Neither ethylene glycol nor diethylene glycol were detected. CONCLUSION: The nicotine content of electronic cigarette refill bottles is close to what is stated on the label. Impurities are detectable in several brands above the level set for nicotine products in the European Pharmacopoeia, but below the level where they would be likely to cause harm. © 2013 Society for the Study of Addiction.read more
Citations
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Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review
TL;DR: This systematic review appraises existing laboratory and clinical research on the potential risks from electronic cigarette use, compared with the well-established devastating effects of smoking tobacco cigarettes to indicate that electronic cigarettes are by far a less harmful alternative to smoking.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit
TL;DR: Allowing EC to compete with cigarettes in the market-place might decrease smoking-related morbidity and mortality and health professionals may consider advising smokers unable or unwilling to quit through other routes to switch to EC as a safer alternative to smoking and a possible pathway to complete cessation of nicotine use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes
TL;DR: The available evidence evaluating the chemicals in refill solutions, cartridges, aerosols and environmental emissions of electronic cigarettes, and the delivery of nicotine and the release of TSNAs, aldehydes and metals, is reviewed to inform an evaluation of the toxicity potential of e-cigarettes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes
TL;DR: No firm conclusions can be drawn on the safety of ECs due to many methodological problems, severe conflicts of interest, the relatively few and often small studies, the inconsistencies and contradictions in results, and the lack of long-term follow-up.
E-cigarettes: an evidence update. A report commissioned by Public Health England.
TL;DR: There is no evidence that EC are undermining the long-term decline in cigarette smoking among adults and youth, and may in fact be contributing to it, and new regulations currently planned should also maximise the public health opportunities of EC.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolism and Disposition Kinetics of Nicotine
TL;DR: Current knowledge about the metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine, some other naturally occurring tobacco alkaloids, and nicotine analogs that are under development as potential therapeutic agents are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes
Maciej L. Goniewicz,Maciej L. Goniewicz,Maciej L. Goniewicz,Jakub Knysak,Michal Gawron,Leon Kosmider,Andrzej Sobczak,Jolanta Kurek,Adam Prokopowicz,Magdalena Jabłońska-Czapla,Czesława Rosik-Dulewska,Christopher Havel,Peyton Jacob,Neal L. Benowitz +13 more
TL;DR: The findings of this study are consistent with the idea that substituting tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes may substantially reduce exposure to selected tobacco-specific toxicants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy
Jean-François Etter,Chris Bullen +1 more
TL;DR: E-cigarettes were used much as people would use nicotine replacement medications: by former smokers to avoid relapse or as an aid to cut down or quit smoking, and for quitting and relapse prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey
Sarah E. Adkison,Richard J O'Connor,Maansi Bansal-Travers,Andrew Hyland,Ron Borland,Hua-Hie Yong,K. Michael Cummings,Ann McNeill,James F. Thrasher,David Hammond,Geoffrey T. Fong +10 more
TL;DR: For example, this article found that 46.6% were aware of ENDS (U.S., UK: 73%, UK: 54%, Canada: 40%, Australia: 20%) and 2.9% were current users (39% of triers).
Journal ArticleDOI
Metal and Silicate Particles Including Nanoparticles Are Present in Electronic Cigarette Cartomizer Fluid and Aerosol
TL;DR: The presence of metal and silicate particles in cartomizer aerosol demonstrates the need for improved quality control in EC design and manufacture and studies on how EC aerosol impacts the health of users and bystanders.