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Journal ArticleDOI

Analysis of the Narrative Types of “Metaphor” in Animated Short Films

09 Sep 2019-Vol. 7, Iss: 4, pp 206-224
TL;DR: The authors explored the analogical narrative process of images in animation cases, as based on Gentner's structural mapping theory and the blending theory of Fauconnier and Turner, and found that analogies are made through similarities in form, meaning the attributes of source and target are blended as the means of metaphor, where the lens movement also contributes to the metaphor of space.
Abstract: The most presented storytelling medium of animation and film are images. The narrative messages that viewers obtain through images are much more rigorous than those from dictation or narration. Therefore, the means to construct story context in an animation narrative is more than the intuitive narrative of character language. Message transmission by hints seems to be an important technique of image narrative in a plot. Potential messages involve metaphors in rhetoric. When applied to an image narrative, linguistic techniques have gone beyond the scope of literal modification. Meaning the viewers’ cognition and past experiences are also involved in the process of image viewing. Therefore, the metaphors in animated movies are a type of narrative produced by multiple elements, as well as a mode of deduction based on real life. According to the related theories of metaphorical mapping, this study explores the analogical narrative process of images in animation cases, as based on Gentner’s structural mapping theory and the blending theory of Fauconnier and Turner. The results of case study show that, in animated movies, analogies are made through similarities in form, meaning the attributes of source and target are blended as the means of metaphor, where the lens movement also contributes to the metaphor of space on the visual psychological level. In summary, this study is expected to serve as a reference for further exploration of the metaphoric narrative of animation in the future.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Despite the fact that cinema and animation have common features, one of the fundamental differences between them is that animation uses metaphors much more freely as mentioned in this paper, and this difference is explored in this paper.
Abstract: Despite the fact that cinema and animation have common features, one of the fundamental differences between them is that animation uses metaphors much more freely. This current study explores this ...

6 citations


Cites background from "Analysis of the Narrative Types of ..."

  • ...There are a few studies that come close to this theme, discussing metaphors in animation (Forceville & Paling, 2018; Hannibal, 2017), or even metaphors and their influence on a narrative in animation (Chiu & Chu, 2019; Forceville & Jeulink, 2011)....

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TL;DR: In this article , an analysis of Pantun Kelakar written by Tenas Effendy by focusing on 4 ( four) of them and analysis the animate metaphors ( animal metaphors) used in these four pantuns in exploring how those animate metaphors reflect leaders' characters.
Abstract: This writing deals with an analysis of Pantun Kelakar written by Tenas Effendy by focusing on 4 ( four) of them and analysis the animate metaphors ( animal metaphors) used in these four pantuns in exploring how those animate metaphors reflects leaders’ characters. This study is descriptive analysis where this study aims to describe the existing phenomena. In this case, this study describes the animate metaphors in Pantun Kelakar of Tenas effendy which satire leaders. The animal metaphors found in those 4 pantuns are; crocodile, monkey, lion and snake, and those animals are the analogy of leaders whose characters are associated with the characters of the animals in which they are associated with. Crocodile is the metaphor to satire leader who ignore the rules in taking or consuming something which leads to the life without guidance. The monkey is the metaphor to satire a leader who does immoral deeds. A lion is used as the metaphor of powerful leader who destroys his/her people and snake is the metaphor of sly or cunning leader. by describing those metaphors, this analysis may contribute to create awareness for leaders whose characters are reflected by the metaphors to treat this analysis as a self-reminder to change and improve the person’s character. and in the same time, this analysis may also contribute to give knowledge about some kinds of leaders with their specific characters in leading their people.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought as mentioned in this paper has been used for non-verbal and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework and has been widely used in the literature.
Abstract: METAPHOR, CREATIVITY, INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., ed., Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought (2008). Evelyn F. InE. Dabrowska & D. Divjak(Eds.), Handbook of cognitive linguistics (forthcoming). InR. Gibbs(Ed.), Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. New York:. Non-verbal and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework: Agendas for research The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought, 462-482, 2008.

912 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: A pioneer in the field, Christian Metz applies insights of structural linguistics to the language of film as mentioned in this paper, and the semiology of film can be held to date from the publication in 1964 of the famous essay by Metz, 'Le cinema: langue ou langage?'
Abstract: A pioneer in the field, Christian Metz applies insights of structural linguistics to the language of film. "The semiology of film . . . can be held to date from the publication in 1964 of the famous essay by Christian Metz, 'Le cinema: langue ou langage?'"-Geoffrey Nowell-Smith, "Times Literary Supplement" "Modern film theory begins with Metz."-Constance Penley, coeditor of "Camera Obscura" "Any consideration of semiology in relation to the particular field signifying practice of film passes inevitably through a reference to the work of Christian Metz. . . . The first book to be written in this field, ["Film Language"] is important not merely because of this primacy but also because of the issues it raises . . . issues that have become crucial to the contemporary argument."-Stephen Heath, "Screen""

558 citations


"Analysis of the Narrative Types of ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Metz (1991)....

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  • ...Movie art and linguistics are regarded as belonging to the same semiotic hierarchy: first, the composition of aesthetics must be considered; second, the camera movements and light effects will be superimposed over the denoted meaning (Metz, 1991)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article focuses on three aspects of comparison that are central in structure-mapping theory: first, comparison involves structured representations, second, the comparison process is driven by a preference for connected relational structure and third, the mapping between domains is rooted in semantic similarity between the relations that characterize the domains.
Abstract: Carrying out similarity and analogy comparisons can be modeled as the alignment and mapping of structured representations. In this article we focus on three aspects of comparison that are central in structure-mapping theory. All three are controversial. First, comparison involves structured representations. Second, the comparison process is driven by a preference for connected relational structure. Third, the mapping between domains is rooted in semantic similarity between the relations that characterize the domains. For each of these points, we review supporting evidence and discuss some challenges raised by other researchers. We end with a discussion of the role of structure mapping in other cognitive processes.

156 citations


"Analysis of the Narrative Types of ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…similarities between sources and objects to make preliminary matching of their relationship; secondly, combining cluster models (called “kernels”) into structures for comparison; and thirdly, dividing the combined kernels into one or more maximal structures as the result (Markman & Gentner, 2000)....

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  • ...Stage 3: Small structures combined into maximal interpretation; candidate inferences (Markman & Gentner, 2000: p. 508)....

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Book
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: This reissue includes 3d environment on april 14th at around the types and Citation needed but skeletal animation usually, at rates above the way of way.
Abstract: Written by two internationally acclaimed animators, this classic text teaches you all you need to know about the art of timing and its importance in the animated film. This reissue includes a new foreword by John Lasseter, executive vice president of Pixar Animation Studios and director of 'Toy Story', 'Toy Story 2', 'A Bug's Life' and 'Monsters Inc.' He sets the wealth of information in this classic text in context with today's world of computer animation, showing how this is a must-have text if you want to succeed as a traditional drawn, or computer animator.Learn all the tips and tricks of the trade from the professionals. How should the drawings be arranged in relation to each other? How many are needed? How much space should be left between one group of drawings and the next? How long should each drawing, or group of drawings, remain on the screen to give the maximum dramatic effect? The art of timing is vital.Highly illustrated throughout, points made in the text are demonstrated with the help of numerous superb drawn examples. 'Timing for Animation' not only offers invaluable help to those who are learning the basis of animation techniques, but is also of great interest to anyone currently working in the field and is a vital source of reference for every animation studio.John Halas, known as the 'father of animation' and formerly of Halas and Batchelor Animation unit, produced over 2000 animations, including the legendary 'Animal Farm' and the award winning 'Dilemma'. He was also the founder and president of the ASIFA and former Chairman of the British Federation of Film Societies.Harold Whitaker is a professional animator and teacher. Many of his former students are now among some of the most outstanding animation artists of today.

90 citations


"Analysis of the Narrative Types of ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The most important thing for animation is not movement, but the root cause that drives the movement (Whitaker & Halas, 2013)....

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Journal ArticleDOI

41 citations


"Analysis of the Narrative Types of ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the overall meaning arising from the denotative symbols, as proposed by Metz in the case of Que viva México (Metz, 1964)....

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  • ...Metz (1964)....

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