Analysis of Vehicle-Following Behavior in Mixed Traffic Conditions using Vehicle Trajectory Data:
16 Sep 2020-Transportation Research Record (SAGE PublicationsSage CA: Los Angeles, CA)-Vol. 2674, Iss: 11, pp 842-855
TL;DR: Empirical evidence of qualitative and quantitative differences among following behaviors that can help in developing better microscopic traffic flow models for mixed traffic conditions is provided.
Abstract: In mixed traffic streams without lane discipline, driving behaviors are complex and difficult to model. However, limited attempts have been made to study the characteristics of these maneuvers usin...
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors formulates longitudinal acceleration models from trajectory data considering the influence of subject vehicle's lane position along with adjacent vehicle characteristics, and the statistical analysis indicates that the following behavior varies based on the lane position of the subject vehicle and adjacent vehicle attributes.
Abstract: In mixed traffic condition, varying vehicle dimensions and lack of lane discipline lead to parallel movement of vehicles in the same lane or between lanes. This results in a condition where the longitudinal response of vehicles gets affected by adjacent vehicles and their configurations. Correspondingly, the adjacent vehicle configurations are significantly influenced by the lane position of subject vehicle. To accommodate this scenario, the study formulates longitudinal acceleration models from trajectory data considering the influence of subject vehicle’s lane position along with adjacent vehicle characteristics. The response under different cases of subject vehicle’s lane position and adjacent vehicle configurations are evaluated. The statistical analysis indicates that the following behavior varies based on lane position of subject vehicle and adjacent vehicle attributes. It is also found that disregarding these attributes can produce significantly erroneous acceleration estimates. These features can improve existing following behavior models and can enhance the realism of the microscopic modeling scheme for mixed traffic conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used the Bivariate Extreme Value function of two traffic conflict indicators, namely, Time-to-Collision (TTC) and lateral gap (LG), to quantify longitudinal and lateral interactions between cars and light commercial vehicles.
Abstract: Most traffic conflict indicators are defined for car-following scenarios where a follower vehicle interacts with a leader vehicle in one-dimensional space. However, vehicles do interact in a two-dimensional space especially in a heterogeneous traffic environment. Further, designating an interaction as risky depends on the interacting leader-follower (LF) pairs.Conflict indicators namely Time-to-Collision (TTC) and lateral gap which quantifies longitudinal and lateral interactions respectively, were computed from video recordings at four accident black spots on four-lane divided highways. Conflict in two-dimensional space was modelled for various LF-pairs using the Bivariate Extreme Value function of these two conflict indicators. Crash risk was estimated for each LF-pairs separately. Results show that cars and light commercial vehicles exhibit higher crash risk as compared to two-wheelers and motorized three-wheelers. The proposed framework can be used for more accurate risk assessment and calibration of collision warning systems in lane free mixed traffic conditions.
02 Sep 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a car-following model was developed for mixed traffic conditions and the results showed that the developed model is able to reduce these values by 44% and 26%, respectively, for cars similar observation are observed for two-wheeler and three-wheelers.
Abstract: For quick and efficient implementation of transport policies, the assessment of traffic conditions with high precision techniques namely, microscopic simulation models is important. However, the models that are developed for homogeneous traffic conditions would not yield realistic estimations for Indian conditions which are highly heterogeneous and lane indiscipline. Further car-following model being core part of simulation considers single leader vehicle which is not the case especially in mixed traffic condition. In the present study, an attempt has been done to consider all the surrounding vehicles as influencing variables in developing car-following model apart from driver’s behaviour. For this, vehicle trajectory data consist of time wise positions, speed and acceleration has been extracted from the video graphic data collected. Multiple linear regression models are developed for three vehicles types, i.e. cars, two-wheelers and three-wheelers and subsequently compared with General Motor car-following using RSME and MAPE values. It was found that developed model is able to reduce these values by 44% and 26%, respectively, for cars similar observation are observed for two-wheeler and three-wheeler which demonstrate the suitability for the mixed traffic condition. Further the developed model is implemented in a microscopic traffic simulation to study Impact of traffic composition of heavy vehicles on road capacity and free speed.
References
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TL;DR: A new model is constructed for the response of the following vehicle based on the assumption that each driver sets limits to his desired braking and acceleration rates and it is shown that when realistic values are assigned to the parameters in a simulation, the model reproduces the characteristics of real traffic flow.
Abstract: The ability to predict the response of a vehicle in a stream of traffic to the behaviour of its predecessor is important in estimating what effect changes to the driving environment will have on traffic flow. Various proposed to explain this behaviour have different strengths and weaknesses. The paper constructs a new model for the response of the following vehicle based on the assumption that each driver sets limits to his desired braking and acceleration rates. The parameters in the model correspond directly to obvious characteristics of driver behaviour and the paper goes on to show that when realistic values are assigned to the parameters in a simulation, the model reproduces the characteristics of real traffic flow.
1,925 citations
"Analysis of Vehicle-Following Behav..." refers methods in this paper
...The car-following model proposed by Gipps (18) was modified to include lateral discomfort....
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...A safety-distance based model for vehicle following to predict the response of a vehicle to the behavior of its predecessor in the traffic stream was developed by Gipps (18) which is widely used in microscopic simulation and modeling of homogeneous traffic....
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...A safety-distance based model for vehicle following to predict the response of a vehicle to the behavior of its predecessor in the traffic stream was developed by Gipps (18) which is widely used in microscopic simulation and modeling of homogeneous traffic....
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TL;DR: A variety of nonlinear follow-the-leader models of traffic flow are discussed in this article in the light of available observational and experimental data, with emphasis placed on steady-state flow equations.
Abstract: A variety of nonlinear follow-the-leader models of traffic flow are discussed in the light of available observational and experimental data. Emphasis is placed on steady-state flow equations. Some trends regarding the advantages of certain follow-the-leader functionals over others are established. However, it is found from extensive correlation studies that more data are needed before one can establish the unequivocal superiority of one particular model. A discussion is given of some ideas concerning the possible reasons for the existence of a bimodal flow versus concentration curve especially for multilane highways.
1,429 citations
"Analysis of Vehicle-Following Behav..." refers methods in this paper
...presented a model based on stimulusresponse philosophy for car-following (16)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the range of options available in the choice of car-following model, and assess just how far work has proceeded in our understanding of what, at times, would appear to be a simple process.
Abstract: In recent years, the topic of car-following has become of increased importance in traffic engineering and safety research. Models of this phenomenon, which describe the interaction between (typically) adjacent vehicles in the same lane, now form the cornerstone for many important areas of research including (a) simulation modelling, where the car-following model (amongst others) controls the motion of the vehicles in the network, and (b) the functional definition of advanced vehicle control and safety systems (AVCSS), which are being introduced as a driver safety aid in an effort to mimic driver behaviour but remove human error. Despite the importance of this area however, no overview of the models availability and validity exists. It is the intent of this paper therefore to briefly assess the range of options available in the choice of car-following model, and assess just how far work has proceeded in our understanding of what, at times, would appear to be a simple process.
1,255 citations
"Analysis of Vehicle-Following Behav..." refers background in this paper
...To select the data points, only when the subject vehicle was following the lead vehicle, the following checks were made: (1) the speed of the subject vehicle was almost constant and lower than its free-flow speed; and (2) the speed relative to the leader is nearly zero....
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TL;DR: This paper presents a full velocity difference model for a car-following theory based on the previous models in the literature, and finds that the model can describe the phase transition of traffic flow and estimate the evolution of traffic congestion.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a full velocity difference model for a car-following theory based on the previous models in the literature. To our knowledge, the model is an improvement over the previous ones theoretically, because it considers more aspects in car-following process than others. This point is verified by numerical simulation. Then we investigate the property of the model using both analytic and numerical methods, and find that the model can describe the phase transition of traffic flow and estimate the evolution of traffic congestion.
1,216 citations
"Analysis of Vehicle-Following Behav..." refers methods in this paper
...(25) modified the full velocity difference model (26) by incorporating a visual angle parameter (27) to represent non-lane-based traffic conditions....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the dynamics of a line of traffic composed of n vehicles, where the movements of the vehicles are controlled by an idealized ''law of separation'' which specifies that each vehicle must maintain a certain prescribed following distance from the preceding vehicle.
Abstract: The dynamics of a line of traffic composed of n vehicles is studied mathematically. It is postulated that the movements of the several vehicles are controlled by an idealized ``law of separation.'' The law considered in the analysis specifies that each vehicle must maintain a certain prescribed ``following distance'' from the preceding vehicle. This distance is the sum of a distance proportional to the velocity of the following vehicle and a certain given minimum distance of separation when the vehicles are at rest. By the application of this postulated law to the motion of the column of vehicles, the differential equations governing the dynamic state of the system are obtained.The solution of the dynamical equations for several assumed types of motion of the leading vehicle is effected by the operational or Laplace transform method and the velocities and accelerations of the various vehicles are thus obtained. Consideration is given to the use of an electrical analog computer for studying the dynamical e...
1,179 citations
"Analysis of Vehicle-Following Behav..." refers background in this paper
...Car following is one of the significant driving behaviors that has been studied since the 1950s and several car-following models were developed and calibrated (4)....
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