Anatomy of the anterolateral ligament of the knee
Citations
380 citations
Cites background from "Anatomy of the anterolateral ligame..."
...An identifiable ALL has only recently been described by several authors.(4,8,11,15,50) Its existence was suspected as early as 1879, when Segond(40) described the now-eponymous avulsion fractures of the proximal tibia above and behind the Gerdy tubercle....
[...]
361 citations
333 citations
Cites background from "Anatomy of the anterolateral ligame..."
...It is for this reason that there is currently great interest in the role of the anterolateral structures of the knee in controlling rotatory laxity and their ability to share loads with the ACL graft.(5,18,39,44) However, there are concerns, based on past studies and current expert opinion, that lateral extra-articular reconstruction is nonanatomic and may potentially overconstrain the joint because of altered biomechanics....
[...]
298 citations
Cites background or result from "Anatomy of the anterolateral ligame..."
...The present study clarifies previous anatomic studies of the ALL that have disagreed regarding the location of the femoral attachment.(1,3,5,9,10,17,27) The femoral attachment was described by Claes et al(3) and Vincent et al(27) to be anterior and distal to the femoral FCL attachment, while Caterine et al,(1) Dodds et al,(5) Rezansoff et al,(17) and Helito et al(9,10) subsequently described attachments ranging from anterior-distal to posterior-proximal to the femoral origin of the FCL....
[...]
...However, tibial attachments were consistently described across investigations to be approximately midway between the center of the Gerdy tubercle and the fibular head, with some minor variability regarding associations and attachments to the lateral meniscus.(1,3,5,9,10,27) Clearly, there remain discrepancies as to the ALL’s anatomic locations and quantitative characteristics....
[...]
...More recently, authors have proposed a direct link between the ALL tibial attachment and Segond fractures.(2,3,5) The present study supports these results, reproducing the work of Segond by eliciting an avulsion fracture on the anterolateral tibia via the ALL attachment in 6 of the 15 specimens....
[...]
...Anatomically, these clinical observations have stimulated further research on the structural components and stabilizing contributions of the anterolateral region of the knee, which has led to the subsequent ‘‘rediscovery’’ and detailed characterization of the anterolateral ligament (ALL).(3) Furthermore, a close association of ALL injuries with ACL tears, along with residual anterolateral rotatory instability on the pivot shift test, has led to In-Depth...
[...]
...Previous literature has noted that fibers of the ALL become taut with an applied internal rotation between 30 and 60 of knee flexion.(3) Through use of both an outside-in and inside-out anatomic dissection in combination with an applied internal rotation, tensioned fibers of the lateral capsule coursing from posterior and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle to the area between the Gerdy tubercle and the anterior margin of the fibular head were identified as the ALL (Figure 1)....
[...]
284 citations
Additional excerpts
...01 Exposure to sport, mo, median (IQR) 13 (4-16) 13 (5-15) ....
[...]
...52 Time to RTS, mo, median (IQR) 11 (8-14) 11 (8-17) ....
[...]
...05 Medial 75 (24) 91 (20) Lateral 36 (12) 24 (8) Both 19 (6) 18 (6) Change in rehabilitation due to meniscal repair, n (%) 51 (16) 50 (16) ....
[...]
References
785 citations
"Anatomy of the anterolateral ligame..." refers background in this paper
...However, the notion of this structure was eventually forgotten, until Jack Hughston published his findings on rotatory knee instability patterns in the late 1970s (Hughston et al. 1976a,b)....
[...]
...These sporadic reports mention the ‘anterior band of the lateral collateral ligament’ (Irvine et al. 1987), the ‘(mid-third) lateral capsular ligament’ (Hughston et al. 1976b; Johnson, 1979; Haims Correspondence Steven Claes, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology, University Hospitals…...
[...]
...…closest description of an ALL-like structure in the current literature would be the one by Jack Hughston, depicting the ‘middlethird of the lateral capsular ligament’ as attaching ‘proximally to the lateral epicondyle of the femur and distally at the tibial joint margin’ (Hughston et al. 1976b)....
[...]
...It was thought to play an important role in the so-called ‘anterolateral instability’ (ALRI) pattern of the knee (Hughston et al. 1976b; Norwood et al. 1979), a clinical term which has become obsolete with the advent of knee arthroscopy (and its inherent predominance in the diagnosis of…...
[...]
...According to Hughston, this capsular ligament is ‘strong and supported superficially by the iliotibial band’ (Hughston et al. 1976a)....
[...]
694 citations
"Anatomy of the anterolateral ligame..." refers background in this paper
...In this view, the ALL can be regarded as the lateral counterpart of the deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL) (LaPrade et al. 2007)....
[...]
...With both the LCL and ALL being part of Layer III, and given the fact that the femoral origins of ALL and LCL are so closely associated, we propose to envelop both structures in the term ‘lateral collateral ligament complex’ (LCLC), as has been previously introduced for the medial collateral ligaments (Robinson et al. 2004; LaPrade et al. 2007)l....
[...]
678 citations
"Anatomy of the anterolateral ligame..." refers background in this paper
...However, the notion of this structure was eventually forgotten, until Jack Hughston published his findings on rotatory knee instability patterns in the late 1970s (Hughston et al. 1976a,b)....
[...]
...These sporadic reports mention the ‘anterior band of the lateral collateral ligament’ (Irvine et al. 1987), the ‘(mid-third) lateral capsular ligament’ (Hughston et al. 1976b; Johnson, 1979; Haims Correspondence Steven Claes, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology, University Hospitals…...
[...]
...…closest description of an ALL-like structure in the current literature would be the one by Jack Hughston, depicting the ‘middlethird of the lateral capsular ligament’ as attaching ‘proximally to the lateral epicondyle of the femur and distally at the tibial joint margin’ (Hughston et al. 1976b)....
[...]
...It was thought to play an important role in the so-called ‘anterolateral instability’ (ALRI) pattern of the knee (Hughston et al. 1976b; Norwood et al. 1979), a clinical term which has become obsolete with the advent of knee arthroscopy (and its inherent predominance in the diagnosis of…...
[...]
...Its insertion on the anterolateral tibia was grossly located midway between Gerdy’s tubercle and the tip of the fibular head, definitely separate from the iliotibial band (ITB)....
[...]
413 citations
"Anatomy of the anterolateral ligame..." refers background in this paper
...…between the distal ITB and the ALL: the center of their respective insertion sites are separated by more than 20 mm on the proximal tibia, and as (Seebacher et al. 1982) have shown, the only connection between the ITB (Layer I) and the deepest layer (Layer III) occurs at the patellar retinaculum…...
[...]
...With the ITB reflected, the ‘superficial lamina of the capsule’ (Seebacher et al. 1982) was visualized....
[...]
...Indeed, according to Seebacher et al. (1982), the ITB forms the most superficial distinct tissue layer (Layer I) on the lateral aspect of the knee, only attached to the deeper Layer II anteriorly at the lateral patellar retinaculum....
[...]
...Whereas Segond described a ‘pearly, fibrous band’ attached to his flake fracture, later literature has only rarely mentioned the presence of a ligamentous structure connecting the femur with the anterolateral tibia....
[...]
...…band of the lateral collateral ligament’ (Irvine et al. 1987), the ‘(mid-third) lateral capsular ligament’ (Hughston et al. 1976b; Johnson, 1979; Haims Correspondence Steven Claes, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Weligerveld 1 B-3212 Pellenberg,…...
[...]
368 citations
"Anatomy of the anterolateral ligame..." refers background or result in this paper
...Although Vincent et al. (2012) provide a schematic diagram of the ALL and its suggested relation with wellknown lateral stabilizing structures, our findings do not agree with their description....
[...]
...The structure was easily distinguishable from the thinner joint capsule lying anterior to it (Fig....
[...]
...…338803; E: steven.claes@uzleuven.be Accepted for publication 11 July 2013 Article published online 1 August 2013 © 2013 Anatomical Society et al. 2003; Moorman & LaPrade, 2005), ‘anterior oblique band’ (Campos et al. 2001) or the ‘anterolateral ligament’ (Vieira et al. 2007; Vincent et al. 2012)....
[...]
...Recently, Vincent et al. (2012) reported their observations during total knee arthroplasty procedures, when the authors noticed ‘a relatively consistent structure in the lateral knee, linking the lateral femoral condyle, the lateral meniscus, and the lateral tibial plateau’ (Vincent et al. 2012)....
[...]
...By providing a detailed anatomical characterization of the ALL, this study clarifies the long-standing enigma surrounding the existence of a ligamentous structure connecting the femur with the anterolateral tibia....
[...]